Menopause is associated with declines in cognitive control. However, there is individual variability in the slope of this decline. Recent work suggests that indices of cognitive control are mediated by communicative demands of the language environment. However, little is known about how the impact of bilingual experience generalizes across the lifespan, particularly in females who exhibit steeper cognitive decline due to increasing age and menopausal transition. Thus, we investigated whether diversity of language use in distinct communicative contexts modulated the effects of aging and menopause on cognitive control in an adult lifespan sample of healthy females. We performed robust linear regressions on a sample of 120 females (age range 20-65 years) to characterize age- (n = 120) and menopause-related (n = 59) declines in cognitive control (as assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) and to determine whether they are modulated by different facets of bilingual language experience, including the diversity of language use (i.e., language entropy) in home and workplace environments. Workplace but not home language diversity modulated age- and menopause-related declines in cognitive control, suggesting that females may compensate for decline by virtue of adapting to the externally imposed demands of the language environment. These findings have implications for identifying which aspects of bilingual experience may contribute to cognitive reserve in healthy aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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家庭和工作环境中的语言多样性对健康女性与年龄和更年期相关的认知控制能力下降有不同的影响。


更年期与认知控制力下降有关。然而，这种下降的斜率存在个体差异。最近的研究表明，认知控制指数是由语言环境的交际需求调节的。然而，人们对双语体验的影响如何在整个生命周期中普遍存在知之甚少，特别是对于因年龄增长和更年期过渡而表现出更严重认知能力下降的女性。因此，我们研究了不同交际环境中语言使用的多样性是否调节了衰老和更年期对健康女性成年寿命样本认知控制的影响。我们对 120 名女性（年龄范围 20-65 岁）样本进行了稳健的线性回归，以表征年龄（n = 120）和更年期相关（n = 59）认知控制能力下降（通过威斯康星卡片分类测试评估） ）并确定它们是否受到双语语言体验的不同方面的调节，包括家庭和工作环境中语言使用的多样性（即语言熵）。工作场所而不是家庭语言多样性调节了与年龄和更年期相关的认知控制能力下降，这表明女性可以通过适应语言环境的外部要求来弥补下降。这些发现对于确定双语体验的哪些方面可能有助于健康老龄化的认知储备具有重要意义。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。