Despite studying a list of items only minutes earlier, when reencountered in a recognition memory test, undergraduate participants often say with total confidence that they have not studied some of the items before. Such high confidence miss (HCM) responses have been taken as evidence of rapid and complete forgetting and of everyday amnesia (Roediger & Tekin, 2020). We investigated (a) if memory for HCMs is completely lost or whether a residual memory effect exists and (b) whether dominant decision models predict the effect. Participants studied faces (Experiments 1a, 2, and 3) or words (Experiment 1b), then completed a single-item recognition memory task, followed by either (a) a two-alternative forced-choice recognition task, in which the studied and nonstudied alternatives on each trial were matched for their previous old/new decision and confidence rating (Experiments 1 and 2) or (b) a second single-item recognition task in which the targets and foils were HCMs and high confidence correct rejections, respectively (Experiment 3). In each experiment, participants reliably distinguished HCMs from high-confidence correct rejections. The unequal variance signal detection and dual-process signal detection models were fit to the single-item recognition data, and the parameter estimates were used to predict the memory effect for HCMs. The dual-process signal detection model predicted the residual memory effect (as did another popular model, the mixture signal detection theory model). However, the unequal variance signal detection model incorrectly predicted a negative, or no, effect, invalidating this model. The residual memory effect for HCMs demonstrates that everyday amnesia is not associated with complete memory loss and distinguishes between decision models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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日常失忆症：高置信度遗漏的残留记忆及其对识别决策模型的影响。


尽管仅仅在几分钟前学习了一系列项目，但当在识别记忆测试中再次遇到时，本科生参与者常常充满信心地说他们以前没有学习过其中一些项目。如此高的置信度缺失 (HCM) 反应已被视为快速、完全遗忘和日常健忘症的证据 (Roediger & Tekin, 2020)。我们研究了 (a) HCM 的记忆是否完全丧失或是否存在残余记忆效应，以及 (b) 主导决策模型是否预测该效应。参与者研究面孔（实验 1a、2 和 3）或单词（实验 1b），然后完成一项单项识别记忆任务，然后是 (a) 两项强制选择识别任务，其中研究对象和每次试验中未研究的替代方案都与之前的旧/新决策和置信度进行匹配（实验 1 和 2）或（b）第二个单项识别任务，其中目标和陪衬分别是 HCM 和高置信度正确拒绝（实验3）。在每个实验中，参与者都能可靠地区分 HCM 和高置信度的正确拒绝。将不等方差信号检测和双过程信号检测模型与单项识别数据进行拟合，并使用参数估计来预测 HCM 的记忆效应。双过程信号检测模型预测了残余记忆效应（另一种流行的模型，混合信号检测理论模型也是如此）。然而，不等方差信号检测模型错误地预测了负面效应或无效应，从而使该模型无效。 HCM 的残余记忆效应表明，日常遗忘与完全记忆丧失无关，并且区分了决策模型。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。