Biogeochemistry ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01173-9 Renata Augustyniak-Tunowska , Rafał Karczmarczyk , Jolanta Grochowska , Michał Łopata , Agnieszka Napiórkowska-Krzebietke , Miquel Lürling
Direct and indirect anthropopressure on water ecosystems is the serious problem throughout the world.. In the Northern Hemisphere, an increase in average air temperatures is observed, which implies the occurrence of a shorter period of snow and ice cover during the winter season. The winter 2019/2020 was unusual, because that was the first time in the record, that a complete lack of permanent ice cover was observed on numerous lakes in Poland. Such unusual conditions could influence lake functioning. Hence we analyzed the chemistry of the water–sediment interface (near-bottom and interstitial water and sediment) in the shallow, eutrophic Mielenko Lake (area 7.9 ha, max depth 1.9 m) in 2013 and 2019–2022 period to assess the influence of prolonged water circulation on the bottom zone. Mielenko Lake was subjected to a phosphorus inactivation procedure using Al and Fe salts (PAX 18, PIX 111) in 2020 and 2021. Our research revealed that unusually prolonged winter circulation caused a significant decrease in organic matter content in bottom sediment in 2020, as well as a decrease in NaOH-nrP fraction and TP amounts. That effect was short-term and it did not significantly influence the NaOH-rP fraction amounts. The released P was probably built in macrophytes biomass during vegetation season, because P inactivation has been limiting phytoplankton proliferation, and it favored shifting to a clearwater state with macrophytes domination. This was confirmed by decreasing in phytoplankton biomass, and a massive expansion of the macrophytes range noted in the second year of restoration. Our study shows, that P inactivation could mitigate the negative effects of warm winters in shallow lakes.
中文翻译:
磷失活减轻了温带浅湖(波兰梅连科湖)暖冬的影响
水生态系统的直接和间接人类压力是全世界面临的严重问题。在北半球,观察到平均气温升高,这意味着冬季冰雪覆盖时间较短。 2019/2020 年的冬季很不寻常,因为这是有记录以来第一次观察到波兰众多湖泊完全没有永久冰盖。这种不寻常的条件可能会影响湖泊的功能。因此,我们分析了 2013 年和 2019-2022 年浅层富营养化 Mielenko 湖(面积 7.9 ha,最大深度 1.9 m)的水-沉积物界面(近底部和间隙水和沉积物)的化学成分,以评估底部区域的水循环时间延长。 2020 年和 2021 年,Mielenko 湖使用铝盐和铁盐(PAX 18、PIX 111)进行了磷灭活程序。我们的研究表明,异常延长的冬季环流导致 2020 年底部沉积物中的有机物含量显着下降NaOH-nrP 分数和 TP 量的减少。这种影响是短期的,并且不会显着影响 NaOH-rP 分数的量。释放的磷可能是在植被季节期间在大型植物生物量中积累的,因为磷失活限制了浮游植物的增殖,并且有利于向大型植物占主导地位的清水状态转变。浮游植物生物量的减少和恢复第二年发现的大型植物范围的大规模扩张证实了这一点。我们的研究表明,磷失活可以减轻浅湖暖冬的负面影响。