This chapter of the New York City Panel on Climate Change 4 (NPCC4) report provides a comprehensive description of the different types of flood hazards (pluvial, fluvial, coastal, groundwater, and compound) facing New York City and provides climatological context that can be utilized, along with climate change projections, to support flood risk management (FRM). Previous NPCC reports documented coastal flood hazards and presented trends in historical and future precipitation and sea level but did not comprehensively assess all the city's flood hazards. Previous NPCC reports also discussed the implications of floods on infrastructure and the city's residents but did not review the impacts of flooding on the city's natural and nature-based systems (NNBSs). This—the NPCC's first report focused on all drivers of flooding—describes and profiles historical examples of each type of flood and summarizes previous and ongoing research regarding exposure, vulnerability, and risk management, including with NNBS and nonstructural measures.

中文翻译：

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NPCC4：气候变化和纽约市的洪水风险


纽约市气候变化专门委员会 4 （NPCC4） 报告的这一章全面描述了纽约市面临的不同类型的洪水灾害（雨流、河流、沿海、地下水和复合灾害），并提供了可用于支持洪水风险管理 （FRM） 的气候背景。之前的 NPCC 报告记录了沿海洪水灾害，并介绍了历史和未来降水和海平面的趋势，但没有全面评估该市的所有洪水灾害。之前的 NPCC 报告还讨论了洪水对基础设施和城市居民的影响，但没有审查洪水对城市自然和基于自然的系统 （NNBS） 的影响。这是 NPCC 的第一份报告，重点关注洪水的所有驱动因素，描述和描述了每种洪水的历史例子，并总结了以前和正在进行的关于风险暴露、脆弱性和风险管理的研究，包括 NNBS 和非结构性措施。