This observational study aimed to investigate associations between dietary live microbe intake and mortality, as well as biological aging. Adults from the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were categorized into low, medium, and high dietary live microbe groups. Foods with medium and high live microbe content were aggregated into a medium-high consumption category. The outcomes included all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality, along with biological age (BA) acceleration assessed by the Klemera–Doubal method (KDM) and PhenoAge. Multiple regression analyses and mediation analyses were conducted to assess associations, adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 34 133 adults were included in our analyses. Over an average follow-up period of 9.92 years, 5 462 deaths occurred. In multivariate adjusted models, every 100 g of medium-high group foods consumed was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91 to 0.97, p < .001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.96, p < .001), but not with cancer mortality (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.07, p = .768). Every 100 g medium-high group foods consumption was associated with decreased KDM-BA acceleration (fully adjusted regression coefficient −0.09, 95% CI −0.15 to −0.04, p = .001) and PhenoAge acceleration (fully adjusted regression coefficient −0.07, 95% CI −0.11 to −0.03, p < .001). Mediation analysis showed that BA acceleration partially mediated live microbes-mortality associations. Our results suggest that higher dietary live microbe intake is associated with lower mortality risk and slower biological aging. However, further research is needed to verify these findings.

中文翻译：

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与生物衰老和死亡率相关的膳食活微生物摄入量


这项观察性研究旨在调查膳食活微生物摄入量与死亡率以及生物衰老之间的关联。来自 1999-2018 年全国健康与营养检查调查的成年人被分为低、中和高膳食活微生物组。具有中高活微生物含量的食物被归入中高消费类别。结果包括全因、心血管和癌症死亡率，以及通过 Klemera-Doubal 方法 （KDM） 和 PhenoAge 评估的生物年龄 （BA） 加速。进行多元回归分析和中介分析以评估关联，调整潜在的混杂因素。我们的分析共纳入了 34 133 名成年人。在 9.92 年的平均随访期内，发生了 5 462 例死亡。在多变量调整模型中，每食用 100 克中高群体食物与全因死亡率降低相关 （风险比 [HR] 0.94,95% 置信区间 [CI] 0.91 至 0.97，p < .001）和心血管死亡率 （HR 0.91,95% CI 0.86 至 0.96，p < .001），但与癌症死亡率 （HR 1.01,95% CI 0.95 至 1.07， p = .768）。每 100 克中高组食物摄入量与 KDM-BA 加速降低（完全调整的回归系数 -0.09,95% CI -0.15 至 -0.04，p = .001）和 PhenoAge 加速（完全调整的回归系数 -0.07,95% CI -0.11 至 -0.03，p < .001）相关。介导分析显示 BA 加速部分介导了活微生物与死亡率的关联。我们的结果表明，较高的膳食活微生物摄入量与较低的死亡风险和较慢的生物衰老有关。然而，需要进一步的研究来验证这些发现。