Fermented liquid feed (FLF) can improve dietary nutrient absorption levels, degrade anti-nutrient factors in diets, and increase beneficial bacteria abundance in animal guts. However, few systematic studies have been conducted on WFLF in pigs. The present study evaluates the effects of WFLF on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gastric volume, intestinal morphology, intestinal health, intestinal barrier function, serum biochemical immunity, gut microbiota, and intestinal microbial diversity of grower-finisher pigs. In total, 80 weaned pigs were randomly allocated to two treatment groups based on their initial body weight: a basal diet with pellet dry feeding (CON) and a basal diet with wheat-based fermented liquid feed (WFLF), with four replicate pens per group. The experiment lasted 82 d. Compared with CON pigs, those fed WFLF were heavier significantly at 60–82 d and had significantly higher average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and gain: feed ratio at 60–82 d and 1–82 d. WFLF pigs had significantly greater jejunum, total tract, and ileal digestibility for all nutrients and amino acids, excluding arginine, than CON pigs. WFLF intake influenced villus height, villus height: crypt depth ratio of the anterior segment of the jejunum(A-jejunum), crypt depth, and redox potential of the posterior segment of the jejunum (P-jejunum) while significantly affecting body weight. Additionally, FLF improved gastric capacity significantly. Furthermore, mRNA expression of occludin and claudin-1 in the mucosa of the ileum and jejunum was significantly higher in WFLF pigs than in CON pigs. WFLF increased serum concentrations of alanine transaminase and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and total bile acid content. The alpha diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) in the stomachs of WFLF pigs was significantly higher than in CON pigs. Microbial diversity in the stomach, ileum, and cecum, as well as the abundance of lactic acid bacteria, were increased in WFLF pigs compared to CON pigs. In conclusion, WFLF intake may positively influence intestinal ecology by improving digestive tract structure, upregulating intestinal barrier-related genes, and improving intestinal morphology to enhance intestinal digestive function and health. Collectively, the present study shows that WFLF intake can increase growth performance while maintaining beneficial nutrient digestibility in grower-finisher pigs.

中文翻译：

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小麦发酵液体饲料对生长肥育猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物群、肠道形态和屏障功能的影响


发酵液体饲料（FLF）可以提高日粮营养吸收水平，降解日粮中的抗营养因子，并增加动物肠道中有益细菌的丰度。然而，关于猪WFLF的系统研究还很少。本研究评估了WFLF对生长肥育猪的生长性能、营养物质消化率、胃容量、肠道形态、肠道健康、肠道屏障功能、血清生化免疫、肠道微生物群和肠道微生物多样性的影响。总共 80 头断奶仔猪根据其初始体重被随机分配到两个处理组：颗粒干饲基础日粮 (CON) 和小麦发酵液体饲料基础日粮 (WFLF)，每个处理组有 4 个重复栏。团体。实验持续82 d。与CON猪相比，饲喂WFLF的猪在60-82天时显着增重，并且在60-82天和1-82天时平均日采食量、平均日增重和增重与饲料比显着更高。 WFLF猪对所有营养素和氨基酸（不包括精氨酸）的空肠、全消化道和回肠消化率显着高于CON猪。 WFLF摄入量影响绒毛高度、绒毛高度与空肠前段（A-空肠）隐窝深度比、隐窝深度和空肠后段（P-空肠）氧化还原电位，同时显着影响体重。此外，FLF 显着提高了胃容量。此外，WFLF猪的回肠和空肠粘膜中occludin和claudin-1的mRNA表达显着高于CON猪。 WFLF 增加血清丙氨酸转氨酶浓度，降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇和总胆汁酸含量。 WFLF猪胃中的α多样性（香农指数和辛普森指数）显着高于CON猪。与 CON 猪相比，WFLF 猪的胃、回肠和盲肠微生物多样性以及乳酸菌丰度有所增加。总之，WFLF摄入可能通过改善消化道结构、上调肠道屏障相关基因、改善肠道形态来积极影响肠道生态，从而增强肠道消化功能和健康。总的来说，本研究表明，WFLF 摄入可以提高生长性能，同时保持生长肥育猪有益的营养物质消化率。