There is abundant evidence that emotion categorization is influenced by the social category membership of target faces, with target sex and target race modulating the ease with which perceivers can categorize happy and angry emotional expressions. However, theoretical interpretation of these findings is constrained by gender and race imbalances in both the participant samples and target faces typically used when demonstrating these effects (e.g., most participants have been White women and most Black targets have been men). Across seven experiments, the current research used gender-matched samples (Experiments 1a and 1b), gender- and racial identity-matched samples (Experiments 2a and 2b), and manipulations of social context (Experiments 3a, 3b, and 4) to establish whether emotion categorization is influenced by interactions between the social category membership of perceivers and target faces. Supporting this idea, we found the presence and size of the happy face advantage were influenced by interactions between perceivers and target social categories, with reliable happy face advantages in reaction times for ingroup targets but not necessarily for outgroup targets. White targets and female targets were the only categories associated with a reliable happy face advantage that was independent of perceiver category. The interactions between perceiver and target social category were eliminated when targets were blocked by social category (e.g., a block of all White female targets; Experiments 3a and 3b) and accentuated when targets were associated with additional category information (i.e., ingroup/outgroup nationality; Experiment 4). These findings support the possibility that contextually sensitive intergroup processes influence emotion categorization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

群体间过程和笑脸优势：社会类别如何影响情绪分类。


有大量证据表明，情绪分类受到目标面孔的社会类别成员的影响，目标性别和目标种族调节感知者对快乐和愤怒情绪表达进行分类的难易程度。然而，对这些发现的理论解释受到参与者样本和演示这些效果时通常使用的目标面孔的性别和种族不平衡的限制（例如，大多数参与者是白人女性，大多数黑人目标是男性）。在七个实验中，当前的研究使用了性别匹配的样本（实验 1a 和 1b）、性别和种族身份匹配的样本（实验 2a 和 2b）以及社会背景的操纵（实验 3a、3b 和 4）来建立情绪分类是否受到感知者和目标面孔的社会类别成员之间的相互作用的影响。支持这一观点的是，我们发现笑脸优势的存在和大小受到感知者和目标社会类别之间的相互作用的影响，对于内群体目标的反应时间具有可靠的笑脸优势，但不一定对于外群体目标。白人目标和女性目标是唯一与独立于感知者类别的可靠笑脸优势相关的类别。当目标被社会类别阻挡（例如，所有白人女性目标的阻挡；实验3a和3b）时，感知者和目标社会类别之间的相互作用被消除，并且当目标与附加类别信息（即内群体/外群体国籍）相关联时，感知者和目标社会类别之间的相互作用被加强实验4）。这些发现支持了情境敏感的群体间过程影响情绪分类的可能性。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。