BACKGROUND Accurate characterization of how age influences body weight and metabolism at different stages of life is important for understanding ageing processes. Here, we explore observational longitudinal associations between metabolic health and weight from the fifth to the seventh decade of life, using carefully adjusted statistical designs. METHODS Body measures and biochemical data from blood and urine (220 measures) across two visits were available from 10 104 UK Biobank participants. Participants were divided into stable (within ±4% per decade), weight loss and weight gain categories. Final subgroups were metabolically matched at baseline (48% women, follow-up 4.3 years, ages 41-70; n = 3368 per subgroup) and further stratified by the median age of 59.3 years and sex. RESULTS Pulse pressure, haemoglobin A1c and cystatin-C tracked ageing consistently (P < 0.0001). In women under 59, age-associated increases in citrate, pyruvate, alkaline phosphatase and calcium were observed along with adverse changes across lipoprotein measures, fatty acid species and liver enzymes (P < 0.0001). Principal component analysis revealed a qualitative sex difference in the temporal relationship between body weight and metabolism: weight loss was not associated with systemic metabolic improvement in women, whereas both age strata converged consistently towards beneficial (weight loss) or adverse (weight gain) phenotypes in men. CONCLUSIONS We report longitudinal ageing trends for 220 metabolic measures in absolute concentrations, many of which have not been described for older individuals before. Our results also revealed a fundamental dynamic sex divergence that we speculate is caused by menopause-driven metabolic deterioration in women.

中文翻译：

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英国生物银行中年龄和性别对纵向代谢特征和体重轨迹的影响。


背景技术准确表征年龄如何影响生命不同阶段的体重和新陈代谢对于理解衰老过程非常重要。在这里，我们使用精心调整的统计设计，探索从五岁到七岁的代谢健康与体重之间的观察纵向关联。方法 从 10 104 名英国生物银行参与者那里获得了两次访视期间的身体测量值和血液和尿液生化数据（220 项测量值）。参与者被分为稳定（每十年±4%以内）、体重减轻和体重增加三类。最终亚组在基线时代谢匹配（48% 为女性，随访 4.3 年，年龄 41-70；每个亚组 n = 3368），并按中位年龄 59.3 岁和性别进一步分层。结果 脉压、血红蛋白 A1c 和胱抑素 C 一致地追踪衰老 (P < 0.0001)。在 59 岁以下的女性中，观察到柠檬酸盐、丙酮酸盐、碱性磷酸酶和钙与年龄相关的增加，以及脂蛋白测量值、脂肪酸种类和肝酶的不利变化 (P < 0.0001)。主成分分析揭示了体重和代谢之间时间关系的定性性别差异：体重减轻与女性全身代谢改善无关，而两个年龄层一致趋向于有利（体重减轻）或不利（体重增加）表型。男人。结论 我们报告了 220 种绝对浓度代谢指标的纵向衰老趋势，其中许多指标以前从未针对老年人进行过描述。我们的研究结果还揭示了一种基本的动态性别差异，我们推测这是由更年期导致的女性代谢恶化引起的。