Women and men are at different risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is unclear, however, how studies on PTSD risk factors integrate this knowledge into their research. Moreover, the temporal development of women's higher PTSD risk is unknown. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examine how prospective studies on PTSD development (k = 47) consider sex and gender across four domains (samples, terminology, analyses, and reporting). Further, we differentially analyze sex/gender differences within five time intervals from 1 month to 5 years posttrauma. PTSD prevalence (OR = 1.72 [1.27-2.34]) and severity (g = 0.31 [0.09, 0.53]) were increased for women relative to men at 1 month posttrauma already, that is, at the first timepoint of a possible PTSD diagnosis. PTSD severity was elevated for women compared to men across all time intervals, but evidence for increased PTSD prevalence for women relative to men was less stable with longer follow-ups. Despite women's higher PTSD burdens, they were clearly underrepresented in samples (68.3% male, 31.7% female participants). Only 5.0% of studies explained or described their understanding of sex and gender, and only 2.6% used sex as discovery variable, that is, investigating sex-dependent risk mechanisms. Sex and gender aspects in design, data, and discussion were considered by only one-third of studies each. Trauma research falls short of its potential to adequately consider sex and gender. Sex- and gender-sensitive practices can advance rigor, innovation, and equity in psychopathology research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

更高的无风险数据：对性别和性别在创伤研究中的作用的系统回顾和荟萃分析。


女性和男性患创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的风险不同。然而，目前尚不清楚创伤后应激障碍风险因素的研究如何将这些知识整合到他们的研究中。此外，女性较高的创伤后应激障碍风险的时间发展尚不清楚。在这项系统回顾和荟萃分析中，我们研究了关于 PTSD 发展 (k = 47) 的前瞻性研究如何跨四个领域（样本、术语、分析和报告）考虑性和性别。此外，我们对创伤后 1 个月至 5 年的五个时间间隔内的性别差异进行了差异分析。在创伤后 1 个月，即在可能的 PTSD 诊断的第一个时间点，女性的 PTSD 患病率 (OR = 1.72 [1.27-2.34]) 和严重程度 (g = 0.31 [0.09, 0.53]) 相对于男性有所增加。在所有时间间隔内，女性 PTSD 严重程度均高于男性，但随着随访时间的延长，女性相对于男性 PTSD 患病率增加的证据不太稳定。尽管女性的 PTSD 负担较高，但她们在样本中的代表性明显不足（男性参与者占 68.3%，女性参与者占 31.7%）。只有5.0%的研究解释或描述了他们对性和社会性别的理解，只有2.6%的研究将性别作为发现变量，即调查性别依赖的风险机制。只有三分之一的研究在设计、数据和讨论中考虑了性别和性别方面的因素。创伤研究缺乏充分考虑性别的潜力。对性和性别敏感的做法可以促进精神病理学研究的严谨性、创新性和公平性。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。