Wine quality is affected by environmental factors in the location where the vines are cultivated, in particular the soil and the climate. Major soil-related factors influencing vine development, yield, and berry composition (and thus wine quality) include soil water availability, soil temperature, and soil nutrients, particularly nitrogen. These can be impacted by soil depth and soil compaction. Mapping these factors with classical field-based methods is constraining and expensive. Near surface geophysics (NSG) can be useful in increasing the resolution of data acquisition and, possibly, its cost. Among these techniques, many are already commercially available, but some of them, including Magnetic Resonance Sounding, Induced Polarization and Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves, require a high degree of expertise for acquisition and processing. These should be further developed in order to enlarge the application possibilities. This article reviews soil-related parameters relevant to terroir expression in vineyards and how these can be measured with NSG techniques.

中文翻译：

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近地表地球物理学对葡萄栽培中土壤相关风土因素测量的贡献：综述


葡萄酒的品质受到葡萄种植地环境因素的影响，特别是土壤和气候。影响葡萄藤发育、产量和浆果成分（以及葡萄酒质量）的主要土壤相关因素包括土壤水分供应、土壤温度和土壤养分，尤其是氮。这些可能会受到土壤深度和土壤压实的影响。使用经典的基于字段的方法映射这些因素是有限制的，而且成本高昂。近地表地球物理学 （NSG） 有助于提高数据采集的分辨率，并可能降低其成本。在这些技术中，许多已经商业化，但其中一些技术，包括磁共振探测、感应极化和表面波的频谱分析，需要高度的专业知识才能进行采集和处理。这些应该进一步发展，以扩大应用的可能性。本文回顾了与葡萄园风土表达相关的土壤相关参数，以及如何使用 NSG 技术测量这些参数。