Straw-derived biochar regulates soil enzyme activities, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and enhances carbon accumulation in farmland under mulching,Field Crops Research

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Straw-derived biochar regulates soil enzyme activities, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and enhances carbon accumulation in farmland under mulching
Field Crops Research ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109547
Yuhao Wang , Zhonghong Tian , Xiaoqun Li , Mengjie Zhang , Yujing Fang , Yingzhou Xiang , Yuchen Liu , Enke Liu , Zhikuan Jia , Kadambot H.M. Siddique , Wei Ting , Weijun Zhang , Peng Zhang

Film mulching can significantly increase crop yields, but long-term continuous mulching will reduce the soil fertility and lead to soil quality degradation. Incorporating exogenous carbon (C) is widely recognized as an effective countermeasure for improving degraded farmland soil under mulching in semiarid areas. We compared the effects of straw and biochar on the accumulation of C and soil biochemical properties in both mulched and non-mulched farmland, and investigated the effects of various types of straw inputs on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A field experiment was conducted to test six treatments: flat planting without mulching (NN), flat planting with straw incorporation (NS), flat planting with biochar incorporation (NB), film mulching (MN), film mulching with straw incorporation (MS), and film mulching with biochar incorporation (MB)]. Comprehensive assessments were conducted in Pengyang, Ningxia, China during the two growing seasons of 2020 and 2021. Mulching increased the soil hydrothermal conditions, maize yields (29.32 %), and GHG emissions (CO: 10.07 %; NO: 1.42 %) but decreased the soil organic C storage (SOCS: 6.91 %). Straw returning increased the plant fixed C (14.99 %), improved GHG emissions (CO: 4.95 %; NO: 4.33 %), and inhibited CH uptake (3.78 %). Compared with MS, MB reduced the GHG emissions (CO: 9.93 %; NO: 20.97 %) and net global warming potential (7.08 %), but increased the SOCS (SOCS: 3.42 %), C efficiency ratio (CER: 26.93 %), CH uptake (10.72 %), and soil enzyme activities (invertase: 6.48 %; urease: 13.76 %). Incorporating biochar rather than straw has greater potential for enhancing the soil enzyme activities and C use efficiency while also reducing the GHG emissions and net global warming potential caused by mulching in dryland farming. In this study, we comprehensively compared the effects of incorporating straw, film mulching, and biochar incorporation on C accumulation, GHG emissions, and maize yields in dryland farming. Our findings provide a scientific basis for achieving green and sustainable high-yield production in mulched dryland farming.

更新日期：2024-08-16

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