Nicosulfuron and Cd are common pollutants that pose significant threats to the environment and human health, particularly under combined stress. This study is the first to remediate environmental nicosulfuron and Cd under combined stress using microbiological techniques. ES2 was isolated, characterized, and demonstrated to degrade 93.80 % of nicosulfuron and remove 59.64 % of Cd within 4 d. Potential functional genes, including nicosulfuron degradation genes , , , , , and , and Cd tolerance/removal-related genes , , , , , and , were predicted by sequencing the whole genome of strain ES2, and their expression was verified by qRT-PCR. Strain ES2 managed oxidative stress induced by Cd through superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, peroxidase, and malondialdehyde. Furthermore, to repair compound stress, up to 90.48 % of nicosulfuron and 67.74 % of Cd were removed. The community structure analysis indicated that , , and were dominant populations, with ES2 stably colonizing and becoming the dominant bacterium. In summary, ES2 demonstrated significant potential in remediating nicosulfuron and Cd pollution from various perspectives, providing a solid theoretical foundation.

中文翻译：

---

增强生物修复潜力：通过全基因组和微生物多样性群落分析，利用路德维希肠杆菌 ES2 修复烟嘧磺隆和镉污染


烟嘧磺隆和镉是常见污染物，对环境和人类健康构成重大威胁，特别是在综合压力下。这项研究首次利用微生物技术修复联合胁迫下的环境烟嘧磺隆和镉。 ES2 被分离、表征，并被证明可以在 4 天内降解 93.80% 的烟嘧磺隆并去除 59.64% 的镉。通过对菌株ES2全基因组进行测序，预测了潜在的功能基因，包括烟嘧磺隆降解基因 、 、 、 、 、 和 、以及镉耐受/去除相关基因 、 、 、 、 、 和 ，并通过qRT-PCR验证了其表达情况。菌株 ES2 通过超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和丙二醛来管理 Cd 诱导的氧化应激。此外，为了修复复合应力，高达90.48%的烟嘧磺隆和67.74%的镉被去除。群落结构分析表明， 、 、 、 为优势菌群，其中ES2稳定定植并成为优势菌。综上所述，ES2从多个角度展示了修复烟嘧磺隆和镉污染的巨大潜力，提供了坚实的理论基础。