Polyaniline (PANI) and seaweed (kelp) biochar (KBC) composites were synthesized through polymerization. This study presents a novel approach to the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a prevalent antibiotic, using a PANI-KBC composite to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Extensive characterizations of the PANI-KBC composite were conducted, resulting in successful synthesis, uniform distribution of PANI on the biochar surface, and the multifunctional role of PANI-KBC in SMX degradation. A removal efficiency of 97.24% for SMX (10 mg L) was attained in 60 min with PANI-KBC (0.1 g L) and PMS (1.0 mM) at pH 5.2, with PANI-KBC showing effectiveness (>92%) across a pH range of 3.0–9.0. In the degradation of SMX, both radical (SO and OH) and non-radical (O and electron transfer) pathways are involved. The reaction processes are critically influenced by the roles of SO, O and electron transfer mechanisms. It was suggested that pyrrolic N, oxidized sulfur (−C−SO−C−), structural defects, and O−CO were implicated in the production of O and electron transfer processes, respectively, and a portion of O originated from the conversion of O. The study evaluated by-product toxicity, composite reusability, and stability, confirming its practical potential for sustainable groundwater remediation.

中文翻译：

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使用导电聚合物-海藻生物炭复合材料先进的碳催化降解抗生素：探索 N/S 功能化和非自由基动力学


通过聚合合成了聚苯胺（PANI）和海藻（海带）生物炭（KBC）复合材料。这项研究提出了一种降解常见抗生素磺胺甲恶唑 (SMX) 的新方法，使用 PANI-KBC 复合材料来激活过一硫酸盐 (PMS)。对 PANI-KBC 复合材料进行了广泛的表征，结果成功合成，PANI 在生物炭表面均匀分布，以及 PANI-KBC 在 SMX 降解中的多功能作用。在 pH 5.2 下，PANI-KBC (0.1 g L) 和 PMS (1.0 mM) 在 60 分钟内对 SMX (10 mg L) 的去除效率达到 97.24%，PANI-KBC 在整个过程中显示出有效性 (>92%)。 pH 范围为 3.0–9.0。 SMX 的降解涉及自由基（SO 和 OH）和非自由基（O 和电子转移）途径。 SO、O 和电子转移机制的作用对反应过程产生重要影响。研究表明，吡咯N、氧化硫（−C−SO−C−）、结构缺陷和O−CO分别参与了O的产生和电子转移过程，并且一部分O源自O的转化。 O. 该研究评估了副产品的毒性、复合材料的可重复使用性和稳定性，证实了其可持续地下水修复的实际潜力。