Land use conversion in estuary wetlands may affect the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), while the risk rank of the ARGs and the change of clinically relevant ARGs under various land-use types are not well understood. This study used metagenomics to reveal the diversity and abundance of ARGs across five distinct land uses: reed wetland, tidal flat, grassland, agricultural land and fallow land, as well as their distribution and potential health risks. Results showed that high numbers of ARG subtypes and classes were detected irrespective of land-use types, notably higher in agricultural land (144 ARG subtypes). The most shared ARG subtypes were multidrug resistance genes across all the land uses (29 subtypes, 4.7 × 10−2-1.5 × 10−1 copies per 16S rRNA gene copy). Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were primary ARG hosts, with 18 and 15 ARGs were found in both of them, respectively. The ARG subtype mdtB was the most dominant clinical ARG detected with 90 % amino acid identity. The change of ARGs exhibited a consistent trend across land uses in terms of health risk ranks, with the highest observed in fallow land and the lowest in reed wetland. This study reveals the distribution pattern of ARGs across various land-use types, and enhances our understanding of the potential health risks associated with ARGs in the context of coastal wetland conversion in estuary areas.

中文翻译：

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土地用途转变为高地显着增加了河口地区抗生素抗性基因的风险


河口湿地的土地利用转变可能会影响抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的传播，但各种土地利用类型下ARG的风险等级和临床相关ARG的变化尚不清楚。这项研究利用宏基因组学揭示了芦苇湿地、滩涂、草地、农业用地和休耕地五种不同土地利用中 ARG 的多样性和丰度，以及它们的分布和潜在的健康风险。结果表明，无论土地利用类型如何，均检测到大量 ARG 亚型和类别，尤其是农业用地中的数量较多（144 个 ARG 亚型）。最常见的 ARG 亚型是所有土地利用中的多药耐药基因（29 个亚型，每个 16S rRNA 基因拷贝有 4.7 × 10−2-1.5 × 10−1 个拷贝）。变形菌门和放线菌门是主要的 ARG 宿主，在它们中分别发现了 18 和 15 个 ARG。 ARG 亚型 mdtB 是检测到的最主要的临床 ARG，具有 90% 的氨基酸同一性。就健康风险等级而言，ARG 的变化在不同土地利用中表现出一致的趋势，在休耕地中观察到最高，在芦苇湿地中观察到最低。这项研究揭示了 ARG 在不同土地利用类型中的分布模式，并增强了我们对在河口地区沿海湿地转变背景下与 ARG 相关的潜在健康风险的理解。