This study examined three Mediterranean Sea cyclones classified as medicanes: Zorbas, Ianos, and Apollo. All three cyclones traversed warm-core eddies during their propagation. We investigated the role of those eddies in the cyclones' development and the responses of those eddies to the passage of a cyclone. Cyclones Zorbas and Apollo intensified considerably in close proximity to warm-core eddies; whereas Ianos, the strongest cyclone ever recorded in the Mediterranean Sea (reaching Category 2), underwent marginal intensification. In the case of Ianos, a strong marine heatwave was present during the intensification, releasing more latent and sensible heat fluxes due to the high ocean heat content, which masked the effect of the warm core eddy. For Zorbas and Apollo, the intensification above the warm-core eddy was accompanied by moisture convergence at the warm-core eddy, yielding substantial precipitation. In the case of Ianos, the convergence of moisture and subsequent precipitation aligned with the occurrence of a marine heatwave. For Zorbas and Apollo, chlorophyll-a concentrations and Phytoplankton increased after the cyclone passed over a warm-core eddy; whereas for Ianos, they increased near the site of a marine heatwave. All three cyclones responded similarly to elevated temperatures at the mesoscale (i.e., warm-core eddy) and regional scale (i.e., marine heatwave).

中文翻译：

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海面温度异常时药物与地中海之间的相互作用


这项研究检查了三种被归类为医疗的地中海气旋：佐巴斯、伊阿诺斯和阿波罗。所有三个气旋在传播过程中都穿过暖核涡流。我们研究了这些涡流在气旋发展中的作用以及这些涡流对气旋通过的反应。旋风“佐巴斯”和“阿波罗”在靠近暖核涡流时显着增强；而地中海有记录以来最强的气旋“伊阿诺斯”（达到 2 级）则经历了边际强化。以伊阿诺斯为例，在强化过程中​​出现了强烈的海洋热浪，由于海洋热含量高，释放出更多的潜热和感热通量，掩盖了暖核涡流的影响。对于佐巴斯和阿波罗来说，暖核涡流上方的强化伴随着暖核涡流处的水分汇聚，产生大量降水。以伊阿诺斯为例，湿气的汇聚和随后的降水与海洋热浪的发生一致。对于佐巴斯和阿波罗来说，气旋经过暖核涡流后，叶绿素 a 浓度和浮游植物增加；而对于伊亚诺斯来说，它们在海洋热浪地点附近增加。所有三个气旋对中尺度（即暖核涡流）和区域尺度（即海洋热浪）的高温响应相似。