This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of essential oil (AJEO) in decreasing cypermethrin toxicity for rainbow trout. First, the safety of the 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% AJEO supplements was assayed after 60 days. Then, the protective effects of AJEO were studied on fish exposed to 12.5% 96h LC50 cypermethrin after 14 days. Results showed that 1 and 1.5% AJEO administration enhanced protease and lipase activities in the intestine and improved growth performance. Moreover, feeding fish with 1 and 1.5% AJEO increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA). Also, AJEO increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in serum. However, exposure to cypermethrin significantly decreased these enzyme activities and increased MDA. The oxidative biomarkers remained normal in fish fed with AJEO after exposure to cypermethrin. The administration of 1 and 1.5% AJEO significantly decreased cortisol and glucose levels, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Although exposure to cypermethrin significantly increased these biochemical biomarkers, AJEO could adjust them. A significant effect of 1% AJEO on total protein and globulin was observed before and after exposure to cypermethrin. Exposure to cypermethrin decreased all immunological parameters in the serum and mucus. However, administration of 1% AJEO increased protease, lysozyme (LYS) activities, total immunoglobulin (Ig), complement C3 and C4, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in the serum and ALP, LYS, protease activities and Ig in mucus. In conclusion, results showed that AJEO could potentially decrease the toxicity effects of cypermethrin in fish.

中文翻译：

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葱精油对暴露于氯氰菊酯亚致死毒性的虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的保护作用


本研究旨在探讨精油 (AJEO) 对降低氯氰菊酯对虹鳟鱼毒性的保护作用。首先，60 天后测定了 0%、0.5%、1% 和 1.5% AJEO 补充剂的安全性。然后，研究了 AJEO 对暴露于 12.5% 96h LC50 氯氰菊酯 14 天后的鱼的保护作用。结果表明，1% 和 1.5% AJEO 的施用增强了肠道中的蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性，并改善了生长性能。此外，用 1% 和 1.5% AJEO 喂养鱼可增加过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性，并降低丙二醛 (MDA)。此外，AJEO 还增加了血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx) 的活性。然而，接触氯氰菊酯会显着降低这些酶的活性并增加 MDA。在接触氯氰菊酯后，用 AJEO 喂养的鱼的氧化生物标志物保持正常。施用 1% 和 1.5% AJEO 显着降低皮质醇和葡萄糖水平、碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶活性。尽管接触氯氰菊酯显着增加了这些生化生物标志物，但 AJEO 可以调整它们。在接触氯氰菊酯之前和之后观察到 1% AJEO 对总蛋白和球蛋白有显着影响。接触氯氰菊酯会降低血清和粘液中的所有免疫学参数。然而，施用 1% AJEO 会增加血清中的蛋白酶、溶菌酶 (LYS) 活性、总免疫球蛋白 (Ig)、补体 C3 和 C4 以及硝基蓝四唑 (NBT)，以及粘液中的 ALP、LYS、蛋白酶活性和 Ig。总之，结果表明 AJEO 可能会降低氯氰菊酯对鱼类的毒性作用。