This paper proposes an extended interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control technique to control the pressure dynamics in the fuel delivery subsystem of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The fuel cell stack is a distributed parameter model which can be modeled by partial differential equations. In this paper, the segmentation concept is used to approximate the partial differential equations model by ordinary differential equations model. Therefore, each segment is having multiple ordinary differential equations to obtain the lump-sum model of the segments. Subsequently, a generalized multi-input multi-output lumped parameters model is developed in port-Hamiltonian framework based on mass balance to minimize the modeling error. The modeling errors arise due to the difference between spatially distributed pressures in the segments, and also due to the difference between the actual stack pressure and the measured output pressure of the anode. The segments interconnection feasibility is ensured by maintaining passivity of each segment. With consideration of re-circulation and bleeding of the anode in the modeling, an extended energy-shaping and output tracking state-feedback controller is proposed to control the spatially distributed pressure dynamics in the anode. Furthermore, a sliding mode observer of high order is designed to estimate the unmeasurable pressures with known disturbances. Performance recovery of output feedback control is accomplished with explicit stability analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed control approach is validated by the simulation results.

中文翻译：

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基于分段模型的 PEM 燃料电池燃料输送控制：端口哈密尔顿方法


本文提出了一种基于扩展互连和阻尼分配无源性的控制技术来控制质子交换膜燃料电池燃料输送子系统中的压力动态。燃料电池堆是一个分布参数模型，可以通过偏微分方程来建模。本文利用分段概念用常微分方程模型来近似偏微分方程模型。因此，每个分段都有多个常微分方程来获得分段的总和模型。随后，在基于质量平衡的端口哈密尔顿框架中开发了广义的多输入多输出集总参数模型，以最小化建模误差。建模误差的产生是由于各段中空间分布压力之间的差异，以及实际堆压力和测量的阳极输出压力之间的差异。通过保持每个段的无源性来确保段互连的可行性。考虑到建模中阳极的再循环和排气，提出了一种扩展的能量整形和输出跟踪状态反馈控制器来控制阳极中的空间分布压力动态。此外，设计了高阶滑模观测器来估计具有已知扰动的不可测量压力。输出反馈控制的性能恢复是通过显式稳定性分析来完成的。仿真结果验证了所提出的控制方法的有效性。