This study examined how proximal and distal familial stressors influenced the real-time, dynamic individual and dyadic regulation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in mother–preschooler and father–preschooler interactions in at-risk families (N = 94, M_age = 3.03 years, 47% males, 77% White, 20% Latinx, data collected 2013–2017). Proximal stressors were operationalized as changing task demands (baseline, challenge, recovery) across a dyadic puzzle task. Distal stressors were measured as parent-reported stressful life events. Multilevel models revealed that greater proximal and distal stressors were related to weaker dynamic self-regulation of RSA in mothers, fathers, and children, and more discordant mother–child and father–child coregulation of RSA. Findings affirm that stress is transmitted across levels and persons to compromise real-time regulatory functioning in early, developmentally formative caregiver–child interactions.

中文翻译：

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母子和父子互动中呼吸性窦性心律失常的动态自我调节和共调节：近端和远端压力源的调节作用


本研究检查了近端和远端家庭压力源如何影响高危家庭中母亲-学龄前儿童和父亲-学龄前儿童互动中呼吸窦性心律失常 （RSA） 的实时、动态个体和二元调节（N = 94，M _年龄 = 3.03 岁，47% 男性，77% 白人，20% 拉丁裔，2013-2017 年收集的数据）。近端压力源作为二元拼图任务中不断变化的任务需求 （基线、挑战、恢复）。远端压力源被测量为父母报告的压力生活事件。多级模型显示，更大的近端和远端压力源与母亲、父亲和儿童 RSA 较弱的动态自我调节有关，以及 RSA 的母 - 孩子和父 - 孩子共同调节更不一致。研究结果证实，压力会跨级别和跨人传递，从而在早期、形成发育的照顾者与儿童互动中损害实时调节功能。