This study examined how proximal and distal familial stressors influenced the real‐time, dynamic individual and dyadic regulation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in mother–preschooler and father–preschooler interactions in at‐risk families (N = 94, Mage = 3.03 years, 47% males, 77% White, 20% Latinx, data collected 2013–2017). Proximal stressors were operationalized as changing task demands (baseline, challenge, recovery) across a dyadic puzzle task. Distal stressors were measured as parent‐reported stressful life events. Multilevel models revealed that greater proximal and distal stressors were related to weaker dynamic self‐regulation of RSA in mothers, fathers, and children, and more discordant mother–child and father–child coregulation of RSA. Findings affirm that stress is transmitted across levels and persons to compromise real‐time regulatory functioning in early, developmentally formative caregiver–child interactions.

中文翻译：

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母子和父子互动中呼吸性窦性心律失常的动态自我调节和共同调节：近端和远端应激源的调节作用


本研究探讨了近端和远端家庭压力源如何影响高危家庭中母亲-学龄前儿童和父亲-学龄前儿童互动中呼吸性窦性心律失常（RSA）的实时、动态个体和二元调节。氮= 94,中号年龄= 3.03 岁，47% 男性，77% 白人，20% 拉丁裔，数据收集于 2013-2017 年）。近端压力源被操作为二元拼图任务中不断变化的任务需求（基线、挑战、恢复）。远端压力源被测量为父母报告的压力生活事件。多层次模型显示，较大的近端和远端压力源与母亲、父亲和儿童的RSA动态自我调节较弱以及RSA的母子和父子共同调节更加不一致有关。研究结果证实，压力会跨层次和跨个人传递，从而损害早期、发育形成的照顾者与儿童互动中的实时调节功能。