Purpose of review

This review explores the opportunities and challenges associated with using unconventional and underutilized wood sources, such as fast-growing species, logging residues, fire-damaged wood, and post-consumer wood, to manufacture wood-based composite panels (WBCPs), particularly particleboard, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and oriented strand board. This paper also discusses recent advancements in lightweight and multifunctional panels, with new features such as fire resistance, electrical conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, and antibacterial laminates.

Recent findings

Climate change, wildfires, and competition from the energy sector threaten current sources of fiber supply for WBCP manufacturing in some regions. Logging residues are abundant but underutilized in some areas, and the abundance of fire-damaged wood is expected to increase in the coming years due to climate change. These raw materials’ effects on panel properties and technological limitations are discussed. Recycled wood is increasingly used for non-structural panels, but challenges remain when it comes to recycling panels, particularly post-consumer MDF. Conventional and emerging materials used in lightweight and multifunctional panels are also presented. Natural substances like cellulose, nanocellulose, chitosan, lignin, protein, and phytic acid are promising alternatives to conventional fire retardants. Innovative products such as MDF that contains carbon-based conductive fibers and antimicrobial laminates that use green-synthesized metal compounds are also reported.

Summary

This review shows that the WBCP industry can improve its sustainability by optimizing and diversifying wood sources, better managing and recycling post-consumer panels, and using more environmentally friendly materials. The hazardous chemicals in adhesives, fire retardants, and coatings are the main obstacles to recycling panels and creating a more circular economy within the WBCP industry.

中文翻译：

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2020 年代人造板制造的可持续性、循环性和创新：机遇与挑战

 审查目的

这篇综述探讨了使用非常规和未充分利用的木材来源（例如快速生长的树种、伐木残留物、火灾损坏的木材和消费后木材）制造人造复合板 （WBCP），特别是刨花板、中密度纤维板 （MDF） 和定向刨花板。本文还讨论了轻质和多功能面板的最新进展，具有耐火性、导电性、电磁屏蔽和抗菌层压板等新功能。

 最新发现

气候变化、野火和能源行业的竞争威胁着一些地区目前用于 WBCP 制造的纤维供应来源。伐木残留物丰富，但在某些地区未得到充分利用，由于气候变化，预计未来几年被火烧毁的木材数量将增加。讨论了这些原材料对面板性能和技术限制的影响。回收木材越来越多地用于非结构性面板，但在回收面板（尤其是消费后 MDF）方面仍然存在挑战。还介绍了用于轻质和多功能面板的传统和新兴材料。纤维素、纳米纤维素、壳聚糖、木质素、蛋白质和植酸等天然物质是传统阻燃剂的有前途的替代品。还报道了创新产品，例如包含碳基导电纤维的 MDF 和使用绿色合成金属化合物的抗菌层压板。

 总结

这篇综述表明，WBCP 行业可以通过优化和多样化木材来源、更好地管理和回收消费后面板以及使用更环保的材料来提高其可持续性。粘合剂、阻燃剂和涂料中的有害化学物质是回收面板和在 WBCP 行业内创造更循环经济的主要障碍。