Based on interviews with app-based gig workers, this study uses Ganesh’s managing surveillance framework to explore relentless visibility and sousveillance (e.g., resistance, activism) to understand how app-based gig workers are being watched, watch others, and experience the economics and authoritative powers of gig work. Findings demonstrate how the intentionally designed technological aspects of mobile app-based gig work and the features of algorithmic management contribute to an ecosystem wherein gig workers are relentlessly observed by their gig parent organizations, how that is perceived by gig workers, and how this creates distrust, resistance and counter-surveillance towards the organization over time. As a result, gig workers begin to conduct their own surveillance, and simultaneously make attempts to surveil the gig parent organizations, and watch those who are watching them. As such, this study proposes a sousveillance spectrum wherein initially compliant gig workers may document surveillance and over time selectively ignore the organization’s rules, both to make the most of an ambiguous employment structure and also to shirk the oversight of the parent organization. Practically, this study provides insight as to how gig workers experience surveillance, how they make efforts to regain power through their own surveillance, and activism, and how the technological aspects of app-based gig work impact casual employment.

中文翻译：

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零工工人和管理基于应用程序的监控


基于对基于应用程序的零工工人的采访，本研究使用 Ganesh 的管理监控框架来探索无情的可见性和监视（例如，抵抗、激进主义），以了解基于应用程序的零工工人如何被监视、观察他人并体验经济和零工工作的权威。调查结果表明，基于移动应用程序的零工工作的有意设计的技术方面和算法管理的功能如何有助于构建一个生态系统，其中零工工人受到其零工上级组织的无情观察，零工工人如何看待这一点，以及这如何造成不信任随着时间的推移，对该组织的抵抗和反监视。结果，零工工作者开始进行自己的监视，同时尝试监视零工母组织，并监视那些监视他们的人。因此，本研究提出了一个监督范围，其中最初顺从的零工工人可能会记录监视，随着时间的推移，选择性地忽略组织的规则，这既是为了充分利用模糊的雇佣结构，也是为了逃避上级组织的监督。实际上，这项研究提供了关于零工工人如何经历监视、他们如何努力通过自己的监视和激进主义重新获得权力，以及基于应用程序的零工工作的技术方面如何影响临时就业的见解。