Reducing emissions requires transitioning towards decarbonized systems through avoiding, processing, or offsetting. Decisions on system design are associated with high costs which can be reduced at the planning stage through optimization. The temporal variations in power demand and renewable energy supply significantly impact the design of a low-emissions energy system. Effective decision-making must consider such impact in a comprehensive framework that accounts for the potential synergies between different options. This work presents a mixed integer linear programming model that considers the impacts of energy supply and demand dynamics to optimize the design and operation of an integrated energy system while adhering to a set emissions limit. The model integrates renewable power with CO₂ capture, utilization, and sequestration by considering H₂ production and storage. The case study showed including negative emissions technologies and CO₂ capture and processing with renewable energy allows achieving net zero emissions power.

中文翻译：

---

碳中和能源系统：能源系统与 CO2 减排途径的最佳整合


减少排放需要通过避免、处理或抵消来过渡到脱碳系统。系统设计决策与高成本相关，这可以通过优化在规划阶段降低。电力需求和可再生能源供应的时间变化对低排放能源系统的设计产生了重大影响。有效的决策必须在一个综合框架中考虑这种影响，该框架要考虑到不同选项之间的潜在协同作用。这项工作提出了一个混合整数线性规划模型，该模型考虑了能源供需动态的影响，以优化综合能源系统的设计和运行，同时遵守设定的排放限制。该模型通过考虑 H₂ 的生产和储存，将可再生能源与 CO₂ 捕获、利用和封存相结合。案例研究显示，包括负排放技术和 CO₂ 捕获和处理可再生能源可以实现净零排放电力。