Wound healing is a complex biological process that, when impaired, can lead to the formation of scars. Electrospun nanofibrous wound dressings have emerged as a promising option for promoting scar-free wound healing. This paper explores the complex role of physical, compositional, and chemical cues, each contributing to the remarkable healing potential of these wound dressings. The physical properties of these dressings, such as porosity and mechanical characteristics, can guide cellular behaviors and promote vascularization, fostering a conducive environment for reduced scarring. Furthermore, the integration of natural polymers that mimic the skin’s extracellular matrix, known as compositional cues, adds another layer of complexity to these wound dressings. As chemical cues, therapeutic agents have demonstrated their potential to combat chronic wound scenarios leading to scar formation. However, achieving the desired therapeutic effect hinges on the nature of these agents and their controlled release. Therefore, the paper also delves into various loading techniques for tailoring the release profiles of these bioactive agents. Although electrospun nanofibrous wound dressings are promising as wound dressings, a viable commercial product remains elusive. This gap can be attributed to a lack of comprehensive studies, particularly in animal models that mimic human wound healing.

中文翻译：

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促进伤口愈合并减少疤痕：伤口敷料中纳米纤维技术的全面综述


伤口愈合是一个复杂的生物过程，如果受到损害，可能会导致疤痕的形成。静电纺纳米纤维伤口敷料已成为促进无疤伤口愈合的有前途的选择。本文探讨了物理、成分和化学因素的复杂作用，每种因素都有助于这些伤口敷料的卓越愈合潜力。这些敷料的物理特性，例如孔隙率和机械特性，可以指导细胞行为并促进血管形成，为减少疤痕形成有利的环境。此外，模拟皮肤细胞外基质的天然聚合物（称为成分线索）的整合为这些伤口敷料增加了另一层复杂性。作为化学信号，治疗剂已证明其对抗导致疤痕形成的慢性伤口情况的潜力。然而，实现所需的治疗效果取决于这些药物的性质及其受控释放。因此，本文还深入研究了各种加载技术来定制这些生物活性剂的释放曲线。尽管电纺纳米纤维伤口敷料作为伤口敷料很有前景，但可行的商业产品仍然难以捉摸。这一差距可归因于缺乏全面的研究，特别是在模拟人类伤口愈合的动物模型中。