Water–rock interactions affect mineral inclusions and the pore structure of rock, subsequently affecting its mechanical and seepage properties. A method for quantitative analysis of the pore and mineral inclusion evolution characteristics of coal samples based on CT scanning is proposed. Accordingly, numerical model construction and block division of mineral inclusions and pores in coal samples were realized. The effects of mineral inclusions and the pore structure on coal failure were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that the porosity and pore distribution in coal influence its strength. The development of plastic zones in coal affected by pores can be divided into three stages: (1) tensile failure initiation stage, (2) shear failure penetration stage, and (3) failure rapid expansion stage. The higher the fractal dimension of the pores is, the greater the strength of coal. Pores and mineral inclusions degrade the strength of coal and accelerate the development of plastic zones. In the loading process, plastic zones preferentially emerge around pores and mineral inclusions. The plastic zones around mineral inclusions connect gradually with those around pores, thus accelerating coal failure.

水-岩石相互作用影响矿物包裹体和岩石的孔隙结构，从而影响其力学和渗流特性。提出了一种基于CT扫描定量分析煤样孔隙及矿物包裹体演化特征的方法。据此，实现了煤样中矿物包裹体和孔隙的数值模型构建和区块划分。模拟分析了矿物包裹体和孔隙结构对煤破坏的影响。结果表明，煤的孔隙度和孔隙分布影响其强度。受孔隙影响的煤中塑性区的发育可分为三个阶段：（1）拉伸破坏萌生阶段，（2）剪切破坏渗透阶段，（3）破坏快速扩展阶段。孔隙的分形维数越高，煤的强度越大。孔隙和矿物夹杂物会降低煤的强度并加速塑性区的发展。在加载过程中，塑性区优先出现在孔隙和矿物包裹体周围。矿物包裹体周围的塑性区逐渐与孔隙周围的塑性区相连，从而加速煤的破坏。