“Can machines think?” So asked Alan Turing in his 1950 paper , “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” Turing quickly noted that, given the difficulty of defining thinking , the question is “too meaningless to deserve discussion.” As is often done in philosophical debates, he proposed replacing it with a different question. Turing imagined an “imitation game,” in which a human judge converses with both a computer and a human (a “foil”), each of which vies to convince the judge that they are the human. Importantly, the computer, foil, and judge do not see one another; they communicate entirely through text. After conversing with each candidate, the judge guesses which one is the real human. Turing’s new question was, “Are there imaginable digital computers which would do well in the imitation game?”

中文翻译：

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图灵测试和我们不断变化的智能概念


“机器能思考吗？”艾伦·图灵 (Alan Turing) 在他 1950 年的论文“计算机器与智能”中如此问道。图灵很快指出，考虑到定义思维的困难，这个问题“毫无意义，不值得讨论”。正如哲学辩论中经常做的那样，他建议用一个不同的问题来代替它。图灵想象了一种“模仿游戏”，其中人类法官与计算机和人类（“陪衬”）对话，每个人都竞相让法官相信他们是人类。重要的是，电脑、陪审员和裁判彼此看不到对方；他们完全通过文字进行交流。在与每位候选人交谈后，法官猜测哪一个是真正的人。图灵的新问题是：“是否有可以想象的数字计算机在模仿游戏中表现出色？”