Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and genetic disorders. The mRNA‐based therapeutics have gained significant attention due to their ability to regulate targeted cells, activate immune cells, and avoid potential risks associated with DNA‐based technology. However, the clinical application of mRNA in cancer therapy is hindered by the instability of RNA, physiological barriers, and the risk of immunogenic hurdles. To overcome these challenges and ensure the safe delivery of mRNA therapeutics to target sites, nanoparticle‐based delivery systems have been explored as potential tools in vitro and in vivo applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of mRNA therapy, discussing its advantages and limitations, delivery strategies and materials, as well as applications in different fields. By exploring these aspects, the researcher can gain a more complete understanding of the current state, prospects, and challenges of mRNA technologies.

中文翻译：

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释放 mRNA 的潜力：克服纳米颗粒的递送挑战


信使 RNA (mRNA) 已成为多种疾病的一种有前景的治疗策略，包括癌症、传染病和遗传性疾病。基于 mRNA 的疗法因其能够调节靶细胞、激活免疫细胞并避免与基于 DNA 的技术相关的潜在风险而受到广泛关注。然而，RNA的不稳定性、生理障碍和免疫原性障碍的风险阻碍了mRNA在癌症治疗中的临床应用。为了克服这些挑战并确保 mRNA 治疗药物安全递送至靶位点，基于纳米颗粒的递送系统已被探索作为体外和体内应用的潜在工具。本综述全面概述了 mRNA 疗法的现状，讨论了其优点和局限性、递送策略和材料以及在不同领域的应用。通过探索这些方面，研究人员可以更全面地了解 mRNA 技术的现状、前景和挑战。