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Ambient scalable fabrication of high-performance flexible perovskite solar cells
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-15 , DOI: 10.1039/d4ee02925a Pengchi Liu 1 , Hui Wang 2, 3 , Tianqi Niu 1 , Lei Yin 1 , Yachao Du 1 , Lei Lang 1 , Zheng Zhang 1 , Yongchao Tu 1 , Xiujie Liu 1 , Xin Chen 1 , Shuang Wang 1 , Nan Wu 1 , Ru Qin 1 , Likun Wang 2 , Shaoan Yang 2 , Chunfu Zhang 3 , Xu Pan 4 , Shengzhong (Frank) Liu 1, 2, 5 , Kui Zhao 1
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-15 , DOI: 10.1039/d4ee02925a Pengchi Liu 1 , Hui Wang 2, 3 , Tianqi Niu 1 , Lei Yin 1 , Yachao Du 1 , Lei Lang 1 , Zheng Zhang 1 , Yongchao Tu 1 , Xiujie Liu 1 , Xin Chen 1 , Shuang Wang 1 , Nan Wu 1 , Ru Qin 1 , Likun Wang 2 , Shaoan Yang 2 , Chunfu Zhang 3 , Xu Pan 4 , Shengzhong (Frank) Liu 1, 2, 5 , Kui Zhao 1
Affiliation
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Flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs) are increasingly being recognized for their high specific power density and mechanical flexibility. However, the feasibility of large-scale production via low-cost ambient printing towards high-performance cells and large modules remains under-explored. Herein, we succeed in ambient printing of perovskite films for high-performance F-PSCs by utilizing a novel ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylpyridine thiocyanate (BPySCN), to address challenges associated with ambient moisture interference and poor crystallization quality at low-temperature processing. This functional additive, containing dual ionic components with electron-donating properties, plays multiple functional roles at different stages of device fabrication. The strong coordination affinity between BPySCN and perovskite modulates crystallization to reduce the nucleation density during low-temperature ambient printing, and retard the crystal growth in the annealing step to regulate the composition homogeneity and mitigate stain residue within films. After annealing, the residual ionic liquid uniformly distributed throughout perovskite films helps to passivate defects, leading to more efficient charge transport and suppressed energy loss. As a result, the small-area (0.09 cm2) PSCs on both rigid and flexible substrates achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 23.70% and 23.01%, respectively, and the 117.0 cm2-scale flexible module delivers a high PCE of 17.52% (certified 15.30%) with an impressive specific power density of 1969.1 W kg−1 (certified 1705.3 W kg−1), which are all among the highest in their respective categories. Furthermore, the potential for wearable electronics was demonstrated through integrated devices, representing a significant advancement in the commercial progress of F-PSCs.
中文翻译：
高性能柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的环境可扩展制造
柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池（F-PSC）因其高比功率密度和机械灵活性而日益受到认可。然而，通过低成本环境打印实现高性能电池和大型模块大规模生产的可行性仍有待探索。在此，我们利用新型离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基吡啶硫氰酸盐（BPySCN）成功实现了高性能F-PSC钙钛矿薄膜的常温印刷，以解决与环境湿度干扰和低温下结晶质量差相关的挑战。 -温度处理。这种功能性添加剂含有具有给电子特性的双离子成分，在器件制造的不同阶段发挥多种功能作用。 BPySCN 和钙钛矿之间的强配位亲和力可调节结晶，以降低低温环境打印期间的成核密度，并延迟退火步骤中的晶体生长，以调节成分均匀性并减少薄膜内的污渍残留。退火后，残留的离子液体均匀分布在整个钙钛矿薄膜中，有助于钝化缺陷，从而实现更有效的电荷传输并抑制能量损失。因此，刚性和柔性基板上的小面积（0.09 cm 2 ）PSC分别实现了23.70%和23.01%的功率转换效率（PCE），并且117.0 cm 2尺寸的柔性模块提供了高PCE 17.52%（认证为 15.30%），比功率密度高达 1969.1 W kg −1 （认证为 1705.3 W kg -1 )，均在各自类别中名列前茅。此外，可穿戴电子产品的潜力通过集成设备得到了展示，代表了 F-PSC 商业进展的重大进步。
更新日期：2024-08-15
中文翻译：
高性能柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的环境可扩展制造
柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池（F-PSC）因其高比功率密度和机械灵活性而日益受到认可。然而，通过低成本环境打印实现高性能电池和大型模块大规模生产的可行性仍有待探索。在此，我们利用新型离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基吡啶硫氰酸盐（BPySCN）成功实现了高性能F-PSC钙钛矿薄膜的常温印刷，以解决与环境湿度干扰和低温下结晶质量差相关的挑战。 -温度处理。这种功能性添加剂含有具有给电子特性的双离子成分，在器件制造的不同阶段发挥多种功能作用。 BPySCN 和钙钛矿之间的强配位亲和力可调节结晶，以降低低温环境打印期间的成核密度，并延迟退火步骤中的晶体生长，以调节成分均匀性并减少薄膜内的污渍残留。退火后，残留的离子液体均匀分布在整个钙钛矿薄膜中，有助于钝化缺陷，从而实现更有效的电荷传输并抑制能量损失。因此，刚性和柔性基板上的小面积（0.09 cm 2 ）PSC分别实现了23.70%和23.01%的功率转换效率（PCE），并且117.0 cm 2尺寸的柔性模块提供了高PCE 17.52%（认证为 15.30%），比功率密度高达 1969.1 W kg −1 （认证为 1705.3 W kg -1 )，均在各自类别中名列前茅。此外，可穿戴电子产品的潜力通过集成设备得到了展示，代表了 F-PSC 商业进展的重大进步。
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