Terahertz (THz) wireless communication holds immense potential to revolutionize future 6G to XG networks with high capacity, low latency and extensive connectivity. Efficient THz beamformers are essential for energy-efficient connections, compensating path loss, optimizing resource usage and enhancing spectral efficiency. However, current beamformers face several challenges, including notable loss, limited bandwidth, constrained spatial coverage and poor integration with on-chip THz circuits. Here we present an on-chip broadband THz topological beamformer using valley vortices for waveguiding, splitting and perfect isolation in waveguide phased arrays, featuring 184 densely packed valley-locked waveguides, 54 power splitters and 136 sharp bends. Leveraging neural-network-assisted inverse design, the beamformer achieves complete 360° azimuthal beamforming with gains of up to 20 dBi, radiating THz signals into free space with customizable user-defined beams. Photoexciting the all-silicon beamformer enables reconfigurable control of THz beams. The low-loss and broadband beamformer enables a 72-Gbps chip-to-chip wireless link over 300 mm and eight simultaneous 40-Gbps wireless links. Using four of these links, we demonstrate point-to-4-point real-time HD video streaming. Our work provides a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible THz topological photonic integrated circuit for efficient large-scale beamforming, enabling massive single-input multiple-output and multiple-input and multiple-output systems for terabit-per-second 6G to XG wireless communications.

太赫兹 (THz) 无线通信具有巨大的潜力，具有高容量、低延迟和广泛的连接性，可彻底改变未来 6G 到 XG 网络。高效的太赫兹波束形成器对于节能连接、补偿路径损耗、优化资源使用和提高频谱效率至关重要。然而，当前的波束形成器面临着一些挑战，包括显着的损耗、有限的带宽、受限的空间覆盖以及与片上太赫兹电路的集成度差。在这里，我们提出了一种片上宽带太赫兹拓扑波束形成器，利用波谷涡流在波导相控阵中进行波导、分裂和完美隔离，具有 184 个密集的波谷锁定波导、54 个功率分配器和 136 个锐弯。利用神经网络辅助逆向设计，波束形成器可实现完整的 360° 方位波束形成，增益高达 20 dBi，通过可定制的用户定义波束将太赫兹信号辐射到自由空间。光激发全硅波束形成器可以实现太赫兹光束的可重构控制。低损耗宽带波束形成器可在 300 毫米范围内实现 72 Gbps 芯片到芯片无线链路以及八个同步 40 Gbps 无线链路。使用其中的四个链接，我们演示了点对4点实时高清视频流。我们的工作提供了一种互补的金属氧化物半导体兼容的太赫兹拓扑光子集成电路，用于高效的大规模波束形成，从而实现大规模单输入多输出和多输入多输出系统，实现每秒太比特数6G到XG无线通信。