Simulating quantitatively far-from-equilibrium conditions, which is relevant to a host of rapid solidification processes, has remained a major challenge where theoretical models and physical mechanisms for far-from-equilibrium solid–liquid (SL) interface are essential. Herein, we investigate the effects of far-from-equilibrium state and external strain on SL interfacial properties by using capillary fluctuation method and models based on transition rate theory. Under an extreme temperature gradient (TG), both SL interfacial stiffness () and SL interface velocity () are found to increase with TG. The nonlinear relationship between and temperature is revealed over a large undercooling range (640 K). It is found that an external strain () of 1%–3% could decrease by 10%–30%. is found to increase with external strains at large undercooling. Tensile strains decrease the activation energy () and viscosity, thus facilitating SL interface movement. A strain-dependent Gibbs–Thomson condition is proposed by incorporating linear - and - relations. Our systematically theoretical discussion on the far-from-equilibrium SL interfacial properties could provide a predictive guideline on SL interface behavior in the additive or extreme manufacturing.

中文翻译：

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铝的非平衡固液界面特性


定量模拟与许多快速凝固过程相关的远离平衡条件仍然是一个重大挑战，其中远离平衡固液（SL）界面的理论模型和物理机制至关重要。在此，我们利用毛细管波动方法和基于转变率理论的模型研究了远离平衡状态和外部应变对SL界面性质的影响。在极端温度梯度 (TG) 下，SL 界面刚度 () 和 SL 界面速度 () 均随 TG 增加而增加。在较大的过冷范围 (640 K) 内揭示了与温度之间的非线性关系。研究发现，1%~3%的外部应变（）可以减少10%~30%。发现在大过冷度下随着外部应变的增加而增加。拉伸应变降低了活化能 () 和粘度，从而促进 SL 界面移动。通过结合线性 - 和 - 关系提出了应变相关的吉布斯 - 汤姆逊条件。我们对非平衡态 SL 界面特性的系统理论讨论可以为增材或极限制造中 SL 界面行为提供预测指南。