Employers’ electronic monitoring of employees’ actions, also known as employee surveillance, has become a common phenomenon in contemporary workplaces, enabled by advancements in technology. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge across multiple research streams regarding electronic monitoring. While the overall impact of monitoring on performance appears neutral, a small positive correlation can be observed with strain, and a small negative correlation can be observed with job attitudes. These modest effect sizes may stem from paradoxical effects that counterbalance each other, a phenomenon known as suppression. Moreover, these relationships are likely contingent upon various moderating factors, including individual traits, job characteristics, and national differences, particularly in legal regulations. To foster a more nuanced understanding of electronic monitoring's implications, future research should prioritize methodological rigor, embrace open science practices, and use validated measures and longitudinal designs. Additionally, adopting a process-oriented approach delineating the phases of decision-making, preparation, start, continuation, and discontinuation of electronic monitoring implementation could offer valuable insights.

中文翻译：

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工作中的电子监控


雇主对员工行为的电子监控，也称为员工监控，在技术进步的推动下，已成为当代工作场所的普遍现象。本综述综合了有关电子监测的多个研究流的当前知识。虽然监控对绩效的总体影响似乎是中性的，但可以观察到与压力有小的正相关，而与工作态度有小的负相关。这些适度的效应大小可能源于相互抵消的矛盾效应，这种现象称为抑制。此外，这些关系可能取决于各种调节因素，包括个人特征、工作特征和国家差异，尤其是在法律法规方面。为了促进对电子监控影响的更细致的理解，未来的研究应优先考虑方法的严谨性，采用开放科学实践，并使用经过验证的措施和纵向设计。此外，采用面向过程的方法来描述电子监控实施的决策、准备、开始、继续和停止阶段可以提供有价值的见解。