In a quantitative content analysis of 3,154 debunking articles from 23 fact-checking organizations, this study examines global misinformation trends and regional nuances across eight countries in Europe and Latin America (UK, DE, PT, SP, AR, BR, CL, and VZ). It strives to elucidate commonalities and differences based on political and media system indicators. Notably, countries with a substantial online presence of far-right parties avoid disclosing (fake) ordinary accounts to evade engaging in inauthentic coordinated actions. While entirely fabricated stories are infrequent, they stand out in Brazil and Spain, the two countries with higher political polarization. Despite variations, aggregated forms of fabrication (invented, manipulated, imposter, or decontextualized content) are more prominent in Latin America due to high social media use for news and low reliance on public media. Conversely, in Europe, countries are more impacted by misleading (cherry-picked, exaggerated, and twisted) information.

中文翻译：

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全球错误信息趋势：八个国家主题、谎言来源和欺骗策略的共性和差异


本研究对来自 23 个事实核查组织的 3,154 篇揭穿文章进行了定量内容分析，考察了欧洲和拉丁美洲 8 个国家（英国、德国、葡萄牙、西班牙、阿德莱德、巴西、巴西和捷克共和国）的全球错误信息趋势和区域细微差别。 ）。它致力于根据政治和媒体系统指标来阐明共同点和差异。值得注意的是，极右翼政党在网上大量存在的国家避免披露（虚假）普通账户，以避免参与不真实的协调行动。虽然完全捏造的故事并不常见，但在巴西和西班牙这两个政治极化程度较高的国家，这种情况尤为突出。尽管存在差异，但由于社交媒体新闻使用率较高且对公共媒体的依赖度较低，捏造的聚合形式（发明、操纵、冒名顶替或脱离语境的内容）在拉丁美洲更为突出。相反，在欧洲，各国更容易受到误导性（精挑细选、夸大和扭曲）信息的影响。