This perspective explores the current understanding of the gut microbiota’s impact on cognitive function in apparently healthy humans and in individuals with metabolic disease. We discuss how alterations in gut microbiota can influence cognitive processes, focusing not only on bacterial composition but also on often overlooked components of the gut microbiota, such as bacteriophages and eukaryotes, as well as microbial functionality. We examine the mechanisms through which gut microbes might communicate with the central nervous system, highlighting the complexity of these interactions. We provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of microbiota-gut-brain interactions and its significance for cognitive health. Additionally, we summarize novel therapeutic strategies designed to promote cognitive resilience and reduce the risk of cognitive disorders, focusing on interventions that target the gut microbiota. An in-depth understanding of the microbiome-brain axis is imperative for developing innovative treatments aimed at improving cognitive health.

中文翻译：

---

解锁心灵与肠道的联系：人类微生物组对认知的影响


这一观点探讨了目前对肠道微生物群对表面健康人类和患有代谢疾病的个体认知功能影响的理解。我们讨论肠道微生物群的改变如何影响认知过程，不仅关注细菌组成，还关注肠道微生物群中经常被忽视的成分，例如噬菌体和真核生物，以及微生物功能。我们研究了肠道微生物与中枢神经系统沟通的机制，强调了这些相互作用的复杂性。我们全面概述了微生物群-肠-脑相互作用的新兴领域及其对认知健康的重要性。此外，我们总结了旨在促进认知弹性和降低认知障碍风险的新治疗策略，重点关注针对肠道微生物群的干预措施。深入了解微生物组-大脑轴对于开发旨在改善认知健康的创新疗法至关重要。