The inhabitants of our intestines, collectively called the gut microbiome, comprise fungi, viruses, and bacterial strains. These microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of dietary compounds and the regulation of our adaptive and innate immune systems. Less known is the reciprocal interaction between the gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as their role in modifying therapies to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aim to discuss the existing literature on gut microbial strains and their diet-derived metabolites involved in T2DM. We also explore the potential diagnostics and therapeutic avenues the gut microbiota presents for targeted T2DM management. Personalized treatment plans, driven by diet and medication based on the patient’s microbiome and clinical markers, could optimize therapy.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物群在 2 型糖尿病的病理生理学和治疗中的核心作用


我们肠道的居民统称为肠道微生物组，包括真菌、病毒和细菌菌株。这些微生物参与膳食化合物的发酵以及我们的适应性和先天免疫系统的调节。鲜为人知的是肠道微生物群与 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 之间的相互作用，以及它们在修改疗法以降低相关发病率和死亡率方面的作用。在这篇综述中，我们旨在讨论有关 T2DM 涉及的肠道微生物菌株及其饮食衍生代谢物的现有文献。我们还探索肠道微生物群为 T2DM 靶向管理提供的潜在诊断和治疗途径。基于患者微生物组和临床标志物的饮食和药物驱动的个性化治疗计划可以优化治疗。