Fear of crime can influence our view of and experience with the world around us. This can be problematic for individuals seeking physical activity, including from walk commuting. Prior work shows fear is especially evident among women, who report fear of rape and sexual abuse by men as a primary concern. We present the results of a cross-sectional survey (n = 571) where participants were shown images from college campus (n = 4 campuses) depicting different lighting (daytime, nighttime), and entrapment levels (high, low; i.e., able to easily escape if needed, with high entrapment being difficult and low being easy), and using the Qualtrics heat map tool, selected features that stood out to them most. Data were segregated by gender and analyzed to determine similarity of heat maps for the same base image. Heat map images were analyzed using canonical correlation (Rc) to determine the relationship between the two groups; dispersion testing to decipher spatial uniformity within the images; the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) to characterize the nature of image patterns differences; and, the Breslow-Day Test to specify pattern locations within images. Several heat map images are also presented in the results. Overall, female and male participants appear to "see" different things when imagining walk-commuting (as seen by poor Rc values) and the nature of what they were looking at were different (as seen by poor SSIM values). Female participants tended to focus on areas outside the walking path, such as bushes and dark areas, whereas men's focus was on the path ahead [χ2(1) = 4.29, p = 0.04]. Furthermore, women were more likely to select areas outside the walking path during high entrapment settings [χ2(1) = 15.49, p < 0.001] and at nighttime [χ2(1) = 4.98, p = 0.02]. Our study demonstrates point-of-view differences in female-male walking space assessments. Viewing walking safety through the lens of lived experience could be productive for holistic community walking safety.

中文翻译：

---

基于性别的校园步行环境热图图像：生活经验的反映。


对犯罪的恐惧会影响我们对周围世界的看法和体验。对于寻求身体活动（包括步行通勤）的个人来说，这可能是个问题。先前的研究表明，女性的恐惧尤其明显，她们表示对男性强奸和性虐待的恐惧是主要担忧。我们展示了一项横断面调查的结果（n = 571），其中向参与者展示了大学校园（n = 4 个校园）的图像，描绘了不同的照明（白天、夜间）和诱捕水平（高、低；即，能够如果需要，可以轻松逃脱，高诱捕困难，低诱捕容易），并使用 Qualtrics 热图工具，选择对他们来说最突出的特征。数据按性别分开并进行分析以确定同一基本图像的热图的相似性。使用典型相关性（Rc）分析热图图像以确定两组之间的关系；色散测试以解读图像内的空间均匀性；结构相似性指数（SSIM）来表征图像模式差异的本质；以及 Breslow-Day 测试，用于指定图像中的图案位置。结果中还显示了一些热图图像。总体而言，女性和男性参与者在想象步行通勤时似乎“看到”了不同的事物（如较差的 Rc 值所示），并且他们所看到的内容的性质不同（如较差的 SSIM 值所示）。女性参与者倾向于关注步行路径之外的区域，例如灌木丛和黑暗区域，而男性参与者则关注前方的道路[χ2(1) = 4.29，p = 0.04]。此外，在高卡压环境下 [χ2(1) = 15.49，p < 0.001] 和夜间 [χ2(1) = 4.98，p = 0.02]，女性更有可能选择步行路径之外的区域。 我们的研究证明了女性和男性步行空间评估的观点差异。从生活经验的角度看待步行安全对于整体社区步行安全可能会很有成效。