Racial disparities in criminal justice outcomes are widely observed. In Canada, such disparities are particularly evident between Indigenous and non-Indigenous persons. The role of formal risk assessment in contributing to such disparities remains a topic of interest to many, but critical analysis has almost exclusively focused on actuarial or statistical risk measures. Recent research suggests that ratings from other common tools, based on the structured professional judgment model, can also demonstrate racial disparities. This study examined risk assessments produced using a widely used structured professional judgment tool, the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide-Version 3, among a sample of 190 individuals with histories of intimate partner violence. We examined the relationships among race, risk factors, summary risk ratings, and recidivism while also investigating whether participants' racial identity influenced the likelihood of incurring formal sanctions for reported violence. Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide-Version 3 risk factor totals and summary risk ratings were associated with new violent charges. Indigenous individuals were assessed as demonstrating more risk factors and were more likely to be rated as high risk, even after controlling for summed risk factor totals and prior convictions. They were also more likely to recidivate and to have a history of at least one reported act of violence that did not result in formal sanctions. The results suggest that structured professional judgment guidelines can produce disparate results across racial groups. The disparities observed may reflect genuine differences in the likelihood of recidivism, driven by psychologically meaningful risk factors which have origins in deep-rooted systemic and contextual factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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使用配偶攻击风险评估指南第 3 版 (SARA-V3) 调查暴力风险评估中的种族差异：土著和非土著个人中的结构化专业判断评级和累犯。


刑事司法结果中的种族差异被广泛观察到。在加拿大，这种差异在土著人和非土著人之间尤其明显。正式风险评估在造成这种差异方面的作用仍然是许多人感兴趣的话题，但批判性分析几乎完全集中在精算或统计风险衡量标准上。最近的研究表明，基于结构化专业判断模型的其他常用工具的评级也可以证明种族差异。本研究以 190 名有亲密伴侣暴力史的个体为样本，检验了使用广泛使用的结构化专业判断工具（配偶攻击风险评估指南第 3 版）进行的风险评估。我们研究了种族、风险因素、总结风险评级和累犯之间的关系，同时还调查了参与者的种族身份是否影响了因报告的暴力行为而受到正式制裁的可能性。配偶攻击风险评估指南第 3 版风险因素总数和汇总风险评级与新的暴力指控相关。即使在控制了风险因素总数和之前的定罪之后，土著个人也被评估为表现出更多的风险因素，并且更有可能被评为高风险。他们也更有可能重犯，并且有至少一次被报告的暴力行为但未导致正式制裁的历史。结果表明，结构化的专业判断指南可能会在不同种族群体中产生不同的结果。 观察到的差异可能反映了累犯可能性的真正差异，这是由具有心理意义的风险因素驱动的，这些风险因素源于根深蒂固的系统性和背景因素。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。