Rapid sensing of molecules is increasingly important in many studies and applications, such as DNA sequencing and protein identification. Here, beyond atomically thin 2D nanopores, we conceptualize, simulate and experimentally demonstrate coupled, guiding and reusable bilayer nanopore platforms, enabling advanced ultrafast detection of unmodified molecules. The bottom layer can collimate and decelerate the molecule before it enters the sensing zone, and the top 2D pore (~2 nm) enables position sensing. We varied the number of pores in the bottom layer from one to nine while fixing one 2D pore in the top layer. When the number of pores in the bottom layer is reduced to one, sensing is performed by both layers, and distinct T- and W-shaped translocation signals indicate the precise position of molecules and are sensitive to fragment lengths. This is uniquely enabled by microsecond resolution capabilities and precision nanofabrication. Coupled nanopores represent configurable multifunctional systems with inter- and intralayer structures for improved electromechanical control and prolonged dwell times in a 2D sensing zone.

分子的快速传感在许多研究和应用中越来越重要，例如 DNA 测序和蛋白质鉴定。在这里，除了原子薄的 2D 纳米孔之外，我们还概念化、模拟和实验演示了耦合、引导和可重复使用的双层纳米孔平台，从而能够对未修饰的分子进行先进的超快检测。底层可以在分子进入感应区之前对其进行准直和减速，顶部 2D 孔 （~2 nm） 可实现位置传感。我们将底层的孔数从 1 个增加到 9 个，同时在顶层固定一个 2D 孔。当底层的孔数减少到一个时，两层都进行感应，不同的 T 形和 W 形易位信号指示分子的精确位置，并且对片段长度敏感。这是通过微秒级分辨率能力和精密纳米制造实现的。耦合纳米孔代表可配置的多功能系统，具有层间和层内结构，可改善机电控制并延长在 2D 传感区的停留时间。