We assessed the effect of rotavirus vaccination coverage on the number of inpatients with gastroenteritis of all ages in Japan. We identified patients admitted with all-cause gastroenteritis during 2011–2019 using data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system in Japan. We used generalized estimating equations with a Poisson distribution, using hospital codes as a cluster variable to estimate the impact of rotavirus vaccination coverage by prefecture on monthly numbers of inpatients with all-cause gastroenteritis. We analyzed 294,108 hospitalizations across 569 hospitals. Higher rotavirus vaccination coverage was associated with reduced gastroenteritis hospitalizations compared with the reference category of vaccination coverage <40% (e.g., for coverage >80%, adjusted incidence rate ratio was 0.87 [95% CI 0.83–0.90]). Our results show that achieving higher rotavirus vaccination coverage among infants could benefit the entire population by reducing overall hospitalizations for gastroenteritis for all age groups.

我们评估了轮状病毒疫苗接种覆盖率对日本各年龄段胃肠炎住院患者数量的影响。我们使用日本诊断程序组合系统的数据确定了 2011 年至 2019 年期间因全因胃肠炎入院的患者。我们使用泊松分布的广义估计方程，以医院代码作为聚类变量来估计都道府县轮状病毒疫苗接种覆盖率对每月全因胃肠炎住院患者人数的影响。我们分析了 569 家医院的 294,108 例住院病例。与疫苗接种覆盖率<40%的参考类别相比，较高的轮状病毒疫苗接种覆盖率与胃肠炎住院率降低相关（例如，对于覆盖率> 80%，调整后的发病率比为0.87 [95% CI 0.83–0.90]）。我们的结果表明，提高婴儿轮状病毒疫苗接种覆盖率可以减少所有年龄段因胃肠炎住院的总体情况，从而使整个人口受益。