Preterm birth poses a major public health challenge, with significant and heterogeneous developmental impacts. Latent profile analysis was applied to the National Institutes of Health Toolbox performance of 1891 healthy prematurely born children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (970 boys, 921 girls; 10.00 ± 0.61 years; 1.3% Asian, 13.7% Black, 17.5% Hispanic, 57.0% White, 10.4% Other). Three distinct neurocognitive profiles emerged: consistently performing above the norm (19.7%), mixed scores (41.0%), and consistently performing below the norm (39.3%). These profiles were associated with lasting cognitive, neural, behavioral, and academic differences. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing diverse developmental trajectories in prematurely born children, advocating for personalized diagnosis and intervention to enhance care strategies and long‐term outcomes for this heterogeneous population.

中文翻译：

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超越平均结果：青少年大脑认知发展研究中早产儿和早产儿不同发展轨迹的潜在概况分析


早产带来了重大的公共卫生挑战，对发育产生显着且不同的影响。潜在概况分析适用于美国国立卫生研究院青少年大脑和认知发展研究中 1891 名健康早产儿的工具箱表现（970 名男孩，921 名女孩；10.00 ± 0.61 岁；1.3% 亚裔，13.7% 黑人，17.5% 西班牙裔） ，57.0% 白色，10.4% 其他）。出现了三种不同的神经认知特征：始终表现高于正常水平（19.7%）、混合分数（41.0%）和始终表现低于正常水平（39.3%）。这些特征与持久的认知、神经、行为和学业差异相关。这些发现强调了认识早产儿不同发育轨迹的重要性，提倡个性化诊断和干预，以增强这一异质人群的护理策略和长期结果。