Preterm birth poses a major public health challenge, with significant and heterogeneous developmental impacts. Latent profile analysis was applied to the National Institutes of Health Toolbox performance of 1891 healthy prematurely born children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (970 boys, 921 girls; 10.00 ± 0.61 years; 1.3% Asian, 13.7% Black, 17.5% Hispanic, 57.0% White, 10.4% Other). Three distinct neurocognitive profiles emerged: consistently performing above the norm (19.7%), mixed scores (41.0%), and consistently performing below the norm (39.3%). These profiles were associated with lasting cognitive, neural, behavioral, and academic differences. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing diverse developmental trajectories in prematurely born children, advocating for personalized diagnosis and intervention to enhance care strategies and long-term outcomes for this heterogeneous population.

中文翻译：

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超越平均结果：青少年脑认知发展研究中早产儿和早足月出生儿童不同发育轨迹的潜在概况分析


早产是一项重大的公共卫生挑战，对发育产生重大和异质性影响。对来自青少年大脑和认知发展研究的 1891 名健康早产儿（970 名男孩，921 名女孩;10.00 ± 0.61 岁;1.3% 亚裔，13.7% 黑人，17.5% 西班牙裔，57.0% 白人，10.4% 其他）的 1891 名健康早产儿的工具箱性能进行了潜在概况分析。出现了三种不同的神经认知特征：持续高于正常水平 （19.7%）、混合分数 （41.0%） 和持续低于正常水平 （39.3%）。这些概况与持久的认知、神经、行为和学术差异有关。这些发现强调了识别早产儿不同发育轨迹的重要性，倡导个性化诊断和干预，以加强这一异质人群的护理策略和长期结果。