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Simplifying contact-layer design for high-throughput printing of flexible perovskite photovoltaics
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 , DOI: 10.1039/d4ee02707h Lirong Dong 1 , Shudi Qiu 1 , Sarmad Feroze 1 , Michael Wagner 2 , Olga Kasian 1, 2, 3 , Heiko Peisert 4 , Felix U. Kosasih 5 , Caterina Ducati 5 , José Garcia Cerrillo 1 , Jingjing Tian 1 , Chaohui Li 1 , Dongju Jang 1 , Vincent M. Le Corre 1, 2 , Ning Li 6 , Fu Yang 1, 7 , Tian Du 1, 2 , Christoph J. Brabec 1, 2 , Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf 1, 2
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 , DOI: 10.1039/d4ee02707h Lirong Dong 1 , Shudi Qiu 1 , Sarmad Feroze 1 , Michael Wagner 2 , Olga Kasian 1, 2, 3 , Heiko Peisert 4 , Felix U. Kosasih 5 , Caterina Ducati 5 , José Garcia Cerrillo 1 , Jingjing Tian 1 , Chaohui Li 1 , Dongju Jang 1 , Vincent M. Le Corre 1, 2 , Ning Li 6 , Fu Yang 1, 7 , Tian Du 1, 2 , Christoph J. Brabec 1, 2 , Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf 1, 2
Affiliation
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The realization of scalable roll-to-roll production processes for metal–halide perovskite modules is a necessary development for transferring developments and technologies from the lab to the fab. Before that, it is imperative to close the efficiency gap not only between the devices fabricated on rigid substrates versus flexible substrates, but also between solar cells to solar modules. In this regard, a critical assessment of device architectures that are more compatible to scalable fabrication is needed. Obviously, the adaption to mass manufacturing must not negatively impact device performance and operational stability. Here, by investigating the properties of printed fullerene-based phosphonic acid dipole interface layers, we establish simplified self-assembled monolayer (SAM) based n–i–p architectures without any charge extraction layers other than SAMs, which are easily processed and are thus ideally suited for mass production. We show that a contact-layer design with a printed fullerene-based SAM that has phosphonic acid is sufficient to provide good charge selectivity and to minimize interface recombination at the bottom electrode. We further show that the same SAM molecule can be used as a p-type interface material on top of the perovskite. This simplified contact-layer design, which is based on one material for both hole and electron work-function adaption is successfully integrated into our fully printed module process comprising the deposition of a carbon top electrode. The achieved open-circuit voltage exceeds 1.1 V, and the fill factor surpasses 70%, highlighting the potential of this novel interface design concept for both rigid and flexible substrates.
中文翻译：
简化柔性钙钛矿光伏电池高通量印刷的接触层设计
实现金属卤化物钙钛矿模块可扩展的卷对卷生产工艺是将开发和技术从实验室转移到工厂的必要发展。在此之前，不仅必须缩小刚性基板与柔性基板上制造的器件之间的效率差距，而且还必须缩小太阳能电池与太阳能模块之间的效率差距。在这方面，需要对与可扩展制造更兼容的器件架构进行严格评估。显然，大规模制造的适应不得对器件性能和运行稳定性产生负面影响。在这里，通过研究基于印刷富勒烯的膦酸偶极子界面层的特性，我们建立了基于简化自组装单层（SAM）的n-i-p架构，除了SAM之外没有任何电荷提取层，该架构易于加工，因此非常适合大规模生产。我们证明，采用含有膦酸的基于印刷富勒烯的 SAM 的接触层设计足以提供良好的电荷选择性并最大限度地减少底部电极处的界面复合。我们进一步表明，相同的 SAM 分子可以用作钙钛矿顶部的 p 型界面材料。这种简化的接触层设计基于一种用于空穴和电子功函数适应的材料，已成功集成到我们的全印刷模块工艺中，包括碳顶部电极的沉积。所实现的开路电压超过 1.1 V，填充因子超过 70%，凸显了这种新颖的接口设计概念对于刚性和柔性基板的潜力。
更新日期：2024-08-14
中文翻译：
简化柔性钙钛矿光伏电池高通量印刷的接触层设计
实现金属卤化物钙钛矿模块可扩展的卷对卷生产工艺是将开发和技术从实验室转移到工厂的必要发展。在此之前，不仅必须缩小刚性基板与柔性基板上制造的器件之间的效率差距，而且还必须缩小太阳能电池与太阳能模块之间的效率差距。在这方面，需要对与可扩展制造更兼容的器件架构进行严格评估。显然，大规模制造的适应不得对器件性能和运行稳定性产生负面影响。在这里，通过研究基于印刷富勒烯的膦酸偶极子界面层的特性，我们建立了基于简化自组装单层（SAM）的n-i-p架构，除了SAM之外没有任何电荷提取层，该架构易于加工，因此非常适合大规模生产。我们证明，采用含有膦酸的基于印刷富勒烯的 SAM 的接触层设计足以提供良好的电荷选择性并最大限度地减少底部电极处的界面复合。我们进一步表明，相同的 SAM 分子可以用作钙钛矿顶部的 p 型界面材料。这种简化的接触层设计基于一种用于空穴和电子功函数适应的材料，已成功集成到我们的全印刷模块工艺中，包括碳顶部电极的沉积。所实现的开路电压超过 1.1 V，填充因子超过 70%，凸显了这种新颖的接口设计概念对于刚性和柔性基板的潜力。
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