Zinc (Zn) metal anodes have attracted much attention for their use in aqueous Zn batteries. However, their electrochemical behavior and failure mechanisms under practical conditions remain unclear, and their cycling performance is far from the target for practical use. Here, we have developed a failure mechanism map of ultrathin Zn metal anodes in practical large (49 cm²) pouch cells and divided it into three zones, i.e., polarization, short-circuiting, and transition between the two. The correlation between failure mode and depth of discharge was revealed. Moreover, to improve the durability of large Zn anodes, a molecular interfacial layer was designed to produce compact epitaxial growth of Zn. Consequently, practical Zn||I₂ pouch cells with modified Zn anodes had a high capacity (∼1,200 mAh) and cycling stability (∼600 cycles), which is the record-stable Ah-level full cell reported so far. This work provides both fundamental and practical insights for accelerating the use of Zn batteries.

中文翻译：

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软包电池中超薄 Zn 金属负极的失效机制和解决方法


锌 （Zn） 金属负极因其在水性 Zn 电池中的应用而备受关注。然而，它们在实际条件下的电化学行为和失效机制仍不清楚，其循环性能远未达到实际应用的目标。在这里，我们开发了实用大型 （49 cm²） 软包电池中超薄 Zn 金属负极的失效机理图，并将其分为三个区域，即极化、短路和两者之间的过渡。揭示了故障模式与放电深度之间的相关性。此外，为了提高大 Zn 负极的耐久性，设计了分子界面层来产生 Zn 的致密外延生长。因此，实用的 Zn||具有改性 Zn 负极的 I₂ 软包电池具有高容量 （∼1,200 mAh） 和循环稳定性 （∼600 次循环），这是迄今为止报道的创纪录稳定的 Ah 级全电池。这项工作为加速 Zn 电池的使用提供了基础和实践见解。