Observed declines in body size have differential effects on survival and recruitment, but no effect on population growth in tropical birds,Global Change Biology

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Observed declines in body size have differential effects on survival and recruitment, but no effect on population growth in tropical birds
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-13 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17455
Rebecca C Wilcox ₁ , Thomas J Benson _{2,

3} , Jeffrey D Brawn ₂ , Corey E Tarwater ₁

Affiliation

Declines in body size can be an advantageous physiological response to warming temperatures, or a result of physiological and nutritional stress. Either way, studies often assume that these climate‐induced trait changes have important implications for fitness and demography. We leveraged almost three decades of capture‐mark‐recapture data of 51 bird species in Panama to examine if body size has changed through time, how sensitive body size is to changes in weather, and if body size impacts population demography. We evaluated two metrics of body size, structural size (wing length), and body condition (residual body mass). Over the study, wing length changed in varying directions for 88% of species (23 decrease, 22 increase), but the effects were weak, and change was only significant for two species. Conversely, body condition declined for 88% of species (45), effects were stronger, and that change was significant for 22% of species (11). This suggests that nutritional stress is likely the cause of changes in body size, not an adaptive response to warming. Precipitation metrics impacted body condition across three of our four feeding guilds, while wing length was only impacted by weather metrics for two guilds. This suggests that body condition is more sensitive to change in weather metrics compared to wing length. Lastly, we found that the impact of changes in body size on survival and recruitment was variable across species, but these relationships were in the opposite direction, ultimately resulting in no change in population growth for all but one species. Thus, while different stages (adult survival and recruitment) of populations may be impacted by body size, populations appear to be buffered from changes. The lack of an effect on population growth rate suggests that populations may be more resilient to changes in body size, with implications for population persistence under expected climate change.

中文翻译：

观察到的体型下降对热带鸟类的生存和补充有不同的影响，但对种群增长没有影响

身体尺寸的下降可能是对气温升高的有利生理反应，或者是生理和营养压力的结果。无论哪种方式，研究通常假设这些气候引起的性状变化对健康和人口统计学具有重要影响。我们利用巴拿马 51 种鸟类近 30 年的捕获-标记-再捕获数据来研究体型是否随时间变化、体型对天气变化的敏感度如何，以及体型是否影响人口统计。我们评估了身体尺寸、结构尺寸（翅膀长度）和身体状况（残余体重）这两个指标。在研究中，88% 的物种翅膀长度在不同方向上发生变化（23 个物种减少，22 个物种增加），但影响较弱，并且只有两个物种的变化显着。相反，88% 的物种 (45) 的身体状况下降，影响更强，并且这种变化对于 22% 的物种 (11) 来说是显着的。这表明营养压力可能是导致体型变化的原因，而不是对变暖的适应性反应。降水量指标影响了我们四个饲养协会中三个的身体状况，而翅膀长度仅受到两个协会的天气指标的影响。这表明与机翼长度相比，身体状况对天气指标的变化更敏感。最后，我们发现体型变化对生存和招募的影响在不同物种之间是不同的，但这些关系是相反的，最终导致除了一个物种之外的所有物种的种群增长没有变化。因此，虽然种群的不同阶段（成体生存和补充）可能会受到体型的影响，但种群似乎可以缓冲变化。对人口增长率缺乏影响表明，人口可能对体型变化更具弹性，这对预期气候变化下人口的持续存在有影响。

更新日期：2024-08-13

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