Rapid and precise detection of waterborne pathogens is critical for effective public health management and environmental safety. Traditional methods for water quality monitoring, considered the “Gold Standard,” are time-consuming, costly, and rely on centralized laboratories and expertise. These methods are impractical for on-site, real-time monitoring, and requiring further improvements. This review explores various waterborne pathogens and cutting-edge molecular detection techniques. It highlights the growing importance of point-of-care and point-of-application methods to expedite results and improve health risk management. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification emerges as a reliable, rapid, and accessible tool in the realms of on-site diagnostics and surveillance. Moreover, the review emphasizes the crucial role of water sample preparation and in-field nucleic acid isolation in augmenting pathogen detection to enable precise assessments of water quality. The advancement of these techniques will guarantee access to safe water and improve the management of waterborne diseases.

快速、精确地检测水传播病原体对于有效的公共卫生管理和环境安全至关重要。被视为“黄金标准”的传统水质监测方法既耗时又昂贵，并且依赖于集中实验室和专业知识。这些方法对于现场实时监测来说不切实际，需要进一步改进。本综述探讨了各种水传播病原体和尖端分子检测技术。它强调了现场护理和现场应用方法对于加快结果和改善健康风险管理日益重要。环介导等温扩增在现场诊断和监测领域成为一种可靠、快速且易于使用的工具。此外，该综述强调了水样制备和现场核酸分离在增强病原体检测以实现水质精确评估方面的关键作用。这些技术的进步将保证获得安全用水并改善水传播疾病的管理。