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Towards bridging thermo/electrocatalytic CO oxidation: from nanoparticles to single atoms
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-12 , DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00868a Kai Wei 1, 2 , Xian Wang 1, 2 , Junjie Ge 1, 2
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-12 , DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00868a Kai Wei 1, 2 , Xian Wang 1, 2 , Junjie Ge 1, 2
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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), as a feasible alternative to replace the traditional fossil fuel-based energy converter, contribute significantly to the global sustainability agenda. At the PEMFC anode, given the high exchange current density, Pt/C is deemed the catalyst-of-choice to ensure that the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) occurs at a sufficiently fast pace. The high performance of Pt/C, however, can only be achieved under the premise that high purity hydrogen is used. For instance, in the presence of trace level carbon monoxide, a typical contaminant during H2 production, Pt is severely deactivated by CO surface blockage. Addressing the poisoning issue necessitates for either developing anti-poisoning electrocatalysts or using pre-purified H2 obtained via a thermo-catalysis route. In other words, the CO poisoning issue can be addressed by either thermal-catalysis from the H2 supply side or electrocatalysis at the user side, respectively. In spite of the distinction between thermo-catalysis and electro-catalysis, there are high similarities between the two routes. Essentially, a reduction in the kinetic barrier for the combination of CO to oxygen containing intermediates is required in both techniques. Therefore, bridging electrocatalysis and thermocatalysis might offer new insight into the development of cutting edge catalysts to solve the poisoning issue, which, however, stands as an underexplored frontier in catalysis science. This review provides a critical appraisal of the recent advancements in preferential CO oxidation (CO-PROX) thermocatalysts and anti-poisoning HOR electrocatalysts, aiming to bridge the gap in cognition between the two routes. First, we discuss the differences in thermal/electrocatalysis, CO oxidation mechanisms, and anti-CO poisoning strategies. Second, we comprehensively summarize the progress of supported and unsupported CO-tolerant catalysts based on the timeline of development (nanoparticles to clusters to single atoms), focusing on metal–support interactions and interface reactivity. Third, we elucidate the stability issue and theoretical understanding of CO-tolerant electrocatalysts, which are critical factors for the rational design of high-performance catalysts. Finally, we underscore the imminent challenges in bridging thermal/electrocatalytic CO oxidation, with theory, materials, and the mechanism as the three main weapons to gain a more in-depth understanding. We anticipate that this review will contribute to the cognition of both thermocatalysis and electrocatalysis.
中文翻译：
桥接热/电催化 CO 氧化：从纳米颗粒到单原子
质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）作为替代传统化石燃料能源转换器的可行替代方案，为全球可持续发展议程做出了重大贡献。在 PEMFC 阳极，考虑到高交换电流密度，Pt/C 被认为是确保氢氧化反应 (HOR) 以足够快的速度发生的首选催化剂。然而Pt/C的高性能只有在使用高纯度氢气的前提下才能实现。例如，在存在痕量一氧化碳（H 2生产过程中的典型污染物）的情况下，Pt 会因 CO 表面堵塞而严重失活。解决中毒问题需要开发抗中毒电催化剂或使用通过热催化途径获得的预纯化的H 2 。换句话说，CO中毒问题可以分别通过H 2供应侧的热催化或用户侧的电催化来解决。尽管热催化和电催化之间存在区别，但这两种路线之间存在高度相似性。本质上，这两种技术都需要降低CO与含氧中间体结合的动力学势垒。因此，桥接电催化和热催化可能为开发尖端催化剂以解决中毒问题提供新的见解，然而，中毒问题是催化科学中尚未开发的前沿领域。 本综述对优先CO氧化（CO-PROX）热催化剂和抗中毒HOR电催化剂的最新进展进行了批判性评估，旨在弥合这两种途径之间的认知差距。首先，我们讨论热/电催化、CO 氧化机制和抗 CO 中毒策略的差异。其次，我们根据发展时间线（纳米颗粒到团簇再到单个原子）全面总结了负载型和非负载型耐CO催化剂的进展，重点关注金属-载体相互作用和界面反应性。第三，我们阐明了耐CO电催化剂的稳定性问题和理论理解，这是合理设计高性能催化剂的关键因素。最后，我们强调了桥接热/电催化CO氧化所面临的迫在眉睫的挑战，以理论、材料和机制作为三个主要武器，以获得更深入的理解。我们预计这篇综述将有助于对热催化和电催化的认识。
更新日期：2024-08-12
中文翻译：
桥接热/电催化 CO 氧化：从纳米颗粒到单原子
质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）作为替代传统化石燃料能源转换器的可行替代方案，为全球可持续发展议程做出了重大贡献。在 PEMFC 阳极，考虑到高交换电流密度，Pt/C 被认为是确保氢氧化反应 (HOR) 以足够快的速度发生的首选催化剂。然而Pt/C的高性能只有在使用高纯度氢气的前提下才能实现。例如，在存在痕量一氧化碳（H 2生产过程中的典型污染物）的情况下，Pt 会因 CO 表面堵塞而严重失活。解决中毒问题需要开发抗中毒电催化剂或使用通过热催化途径获得的预纯化的H 2 。换句话说，CO中毒问题可以分别通过H 2供应侧的热催化或用户侧的电催化来解决。尽管热催化和电催化之间存在区别，但这两种路线之间存在高度相似性。本质上，这两种技术都需要降低CO与含氧中间体结合的动力学势垒。因此，桥接电催化和热催化可能为开发尖端催化剂以解决中毒问题提供新的见解，然而，中毒问题是催化科学中尚未开发的前沿领域。 本综述对优先CO氧化（CO-PROX）热催化剂和抗中毒HOR电催化剂的最新进展进行了批判性评估，旨在弥合这两种途径之间的认知差距。首先，我们讨论热/电催化、CO 氧化机制和抗 CO 中毒策略的差异。其次，我们根据发展时间线（纳米颗粒到团簇再到单个原子）全面总结了负载型和非负载型耐CO催化剂的进展，重点关注金属-载体相互作用和界面反应性。第三，我们阐明了耐CO电催化剂的稳定性问题和理论理解，这是合理设计高性能催化剂的关键因素。最后，我们强调了桥接热/电催化CO氧化所面临的迫在眉睫的挑战，以理论、材料和机制作为三个主要武器，以获得更深入的理解。我们预计这篇综述将有助于对热催化和电催化的认识。
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