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Red stains on heritage marbles: application of micro-scale analyses to assess the presence and distribution of lead compounds
Analyst ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-12 , DOI: 10.1039/d4an00692e Elisa Villani 1, 2 , Amelia Suzuki 1, 3 , Marilena Ricci 4 , Barbara Salvadori 1 , Silvia Vettori 1 , Emma Cantisani 1
Analyst ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-12 , DOI: 10.1039/d4an00692e Elisa Villani 1, 2 , Amelia Suzuki 1, 3 , Marilena Ricci 4 , Barbara Salvadori 1 , Silvia Vettori 1 , Emma Cantisani 1
Affiliation
Stone cultural heritage buildings are frequently affected by different alteration phenomena and in particular, on heritage marbles the presence of chromatic discolouration, as the red stains, is one of the most widespread. In this paper, small fragments of red stains originated on marble exposed to different environmental contexts were analysed to reveal the presence and distribution of lead compounds at the micro-scale level. The samples come from slabs of historical religious buildings in Florence (Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral and the San Giovanni Baptistery) and from the monumental fountains conserved in the Medicean Villa La Petraia (Florence). The presence and distribution of lead compounds: minium (Pb3O4), carbonates such as cerussite (PbCO3) and hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) and plattnerite (PbO2), was revealed using 2D high lateral resolution micro-X-Ray Powder Diffraction (μ-XRPD) and μ-Raman spectroscopy. Additional information were provided by Scanning Electron Microscopy, the elemental distribution performed with micro-X-Ray Fluorescence mapping enable to verify the possible presence of light elements and the use of FTIR chemical imaging confirmed the absence of organic compounds.
中文翻译:
遗产大理石上的红色污渍:应用微观分析来评估铅化合物的存在和分布
石材文化遗产建筑经常受到不同蚀变现象的影响,特别是在遗产大理石上,出现颜色变色(如红色污渍)是最普遍的现象之一。本文对暴露于不同环境的大理石上产生的红色污渍小碎片进行了分析,以揭示微尺度水平上铅化合物的存在和分布。这些样本来自佛罗伦萨历史宗教建筑的石板(圣母百花大教堂和圣乔瓦尼洗礼堂)以及美第奇别墅拉佩特拉亚(佛罗伦萨)保存的纪念喷泉。使用 2D 揭示了铅化合物的存在和分布:矿物质 (Pb 3 O 4 )、碳酸盐,例如白铅矿 (PbCO 3 ) 和水白铅矿 (Pb 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 ) 和铂矿 (PbO 2 )高横向分辨率微 X 射线粉末衍射 (μ-XRPD) 和 μ-拉曼光谱。扫描电子显微镜提供了更多信息,通过微 X 射线荧光图进行的元素分布能够验证轻元素的可能存在,并且使用 FTIR 化学成像证实不存在有机化合物。
更新日期:2024-08-12
中文翻译:
遗产大理石上的红色污渍:应用微观分析来评估铅化合物的存在和分布
石材文化遗产建筑经常受到不同蚀变现象的影响,特别是在遗产大理石上,出现颜色变色(如红色污渍)是最普遍的现象之一。本文对暴露于不同环境的大理石上产生的红色污渍小碎片进行了分析,以揭示微尺度水平上铅化合物的存在和分布。这些样本来自佛罗伦萨历史宗教建筑的石板(圣母百花大教堂和圣乔瓦尼洗礼堂)以及美第奇别墅拉佩特拉亚(佛罗伦萨)保存的纪念喷泉。使用 2D 揭示了铅化合物的存在和分布:矿物质 (Pb 3 O 4 )、碳酸盐,例如白铅矿 (PbCO 3 ) 和水白铅矿 (Pb 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 ) 和铂矿 (PbO 2 )高横向分辨率微 X 射线粉末衍射 (μ-XRPD) 和 μ-拉曼光谱。扫描电子显微镜提供了更多信息,通过微 X 射线荧光图进行的元素分布能够验证轻元素的可能存在,并且使用 FTIR 化学成像证实不存在有机化合物。