Multiple myeloma (MM) is a chronic hematologic malignancy that remains incurable, because most patients eventually relapse or become refractory to current treatments. MM is a major health problem, with a globally increasing incidence. While, increase in the choice of MM treatment, including new immunotherapies (bispecific monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy), may allow to further improve MM patients’ outcomes, some non-therapy-related key issues may represent a pre-requisite towards improving MM outcomes in the next few years. This includes, the necessity of real-world evidence data, of a better definition of frailty, of a dynamic disease risk assessment, of a better definition of high-risk disease, broader accessibility to novel drugs, and to ensure diversity and representation of underrepresented groups. These key issues will be discussed in the current perspective review.

多发性骨髓瘤 （MM） 是一种慢性血液系统恶性肿瘤，至今仍无法治愈，因为大多数患者最终会复发或对当前治疗难治。MM 是一个主要的健康问题，全球发病率不断上升。虽然增加 MM 治疗的选择，包括新的免疫疗法（双特异性单克隆抗体和嵌合抗原受体 （CAR）-T 细胞疗法），可能会进一步改善 MM 患者的预后，但一些与治疗无关的关键问题可能代表在未来几年改善 MM 预后的先决条件。这包括真实世界证据数据的必要性、更好地定义虚弱、动态疾病风险评估、更好地定义高风险疾病、更广泛地获得新药，以及确保代表性不足群体的多样性和代表性。这些关键问题将在当前的观点审查中讨论。