Clinical interviewing is the basic method to understand how a person feels and what are the presenting complaints, obtain medical history, evaluate personal attitudes and behavior related to health and disease, give the patient information about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, and establish a bond between patient and physician that is crucial for shared decision making and self-management. However, the value of this basic skill is threatened by time pressures and emphasis on technology. Current health care trends privilege expensive tests and procedures and tag the time devoted to interaction with the patient as lacking cost-effectiveness. Instead, the time spent to inquire about problems and life setting may actually help to avoid further testing, procedures, and referrals. Moreover, the dialogue between patient and physician is an essential instrument to increase patient's motivation to engage in healthy behavior. The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of clinical interviewing and its optimal use in relation to style, flow and hypothesis testing, clinical domains, modifications according to settings and goals, and teaching. This review points to the primacy of interviewing in the clinical process. The quality of interviewing determines the quality of data that are collected and, eventually, of assessment and treatment. Thus, interviewing deserves more attention in educational training and more space in clinical encounters than it is currently receiving.

中文翻译：

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临床访谈：一种必不可少但被忽视的医学方法。


临床访谈是了解一个人的感受和主诉是什么、获取病史、评估与健康和疾病相关的个人态度和行为、向患者提供有关诊断、预后和治疗的信息，并在患者和医生之间建立纽带的基本方法，这对于共同决策和自我管理至关重要。然而，这项基本技能的价值受到时间压力和对技术的重视的威胁。当前的医疗保健趋势偏爱昂贵的测试和程序，并将用于与患者互动的时间标记为缺乏成本效益。相反，花在询问问题和生活安排上的时间实际上可能有助于避免进一步的测试、程序和转诊。此外，患者和医生之间的对话是提高患者参与健康行为的积极性的重要工具。本文的目的是概述临床访谈及其在风格、流程和假设检验、临床领域、根据设置和目标的修改以及教学方面的最佳用途。本综述指出了访谈在临床过程中的首要地位。访谈的质量决定了所收集的数据的质量，并最终决定了评估和治疗的质量。因此，与目前相比，访谈在教育培训中值得更多关注，在临床接触中值得更多空间。