Decades of research conducted using field experiments and quasi-experiments have enabled us to accumulate causal evidence on the effectiveness of onboarding and socialization programs (SPs) across various contexts including employment, higher education, and military services. However, the literature is devoid of an integrated conceptual framework and a quantitative review evaluating the effect of such SPs on reducing newcomer turnover and its boundary conditions. In this study, we draw from a configurational approach to categorize strategic components of SPs, propose bundles of these components based on extant theories in the socialization literature, and examine the moderating effects of these bundles on the retention benefits of SPs. Combining 168 effect sizes from 83 field experiments, our meta-analysis reveals a significant overall effect size of OR = 1.46, suggesting that, on average, the odds of retention are 1.46 times higher for newcomers participating in a SP compared to newcomers in the control group. Our results also indicate that SPs' beneficial effects on newcomer retention are greater when they include the components of identifying effective task behaviors, encouraging proactivity, and facilitating social integration, a bundle aimed at satisfying key psychological needs identified by self-determination theory. We further demonstrate that the retention benefits associated with SP participation increase when the SPs are delivered in-person and in a staggered mode but remain intact across different sample types and study design features. We conclude by discussing how our study expands and develops theoretical understanding within the socialization literature and offers practical implications for managing newcomer retention that go beyond our current knowledge. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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揭示社会化计划对新移民保留的影响：现场实验的荟萃分析回顾。


数十年的实地实验和准实验研究使我们能够积累关于入职和社会化计划 (SP) 在就业、高等教育和军事服务等各种背景下有效性的因果证据。然而，文献缺乏综合的概念框架和定量评价，评估此类 SP 对减少新移民流动率及其边界条件的影响。在本研究中，我们采用配置方法对 SP 的战略组成部分进行分类，根据社会化文献中的现有理论提出这些组成部分的捆绑，并检查这些捆绑对 SP 保留效益的调节作用。结合 83 个现场实验的 168 个效应大小，我们的荟萃分析揭示了 OR = 1.46 的显着总体效应大小，这表明，平均而言，参与 SP 的新人的保留几率比对照组的新人高 1.46 倍团体。我们的研究结果还表明，当 SP 包含识别有效任务行为、鼓励主动性和促进社会融合（旨在满足自决理论确定的关键心理需求）等组成部分时，SP 对新人保留的有益影响更大。我们进一步证明，当 SP 亲自以交错模式交付时，与 SP 参与相关的保留收益会增加，但在不同的样本类型和研究设计特征中保持不变。最后，我们讨论了我们的研究如何扩展和发展社会化文献中的理论理解，并为管理新移民保留提供超出我们当前知识的实际意义。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。