Multicomponent exercise has the potential to improve cognitive function in people with mild cognitive impairment. However, the effects of multicomponent exercise on specific cognitive subdomains in mild cognitive impairment and the optimal combination of exercise components remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to (a) investigate the effects of multicomponent exercise on different cognitive subdomains in people with mild cognitive impairment and (b) investigate the effects of different combinations of multicomponent exercise on global cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Six electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were systematically searched from inception to January 1st, 2023. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of multicomponent exercise interventions on cognitive function in people with mild cognitive impairment were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane collaborative bias assessment tool. A random-effects model was used to calculate standardized mean difference. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and sensitive analysis were performed. If a meta-analysis was not feasible, studies were synthesized narratively. Twenty studies were identified for systematic review and meta-analysis. Multicomponent exercise significantly improved global cognition [SMD = 1.04; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.53, 1.55], cognitive flexibility (SMD = −1.04; 95 % CI: −1.81, −0.27), processing speed (SMD = 0.43; 95 % CI: 0.04, 0.82), verbal fluency (SMD = 0.38; 95 % CI: 0.13, 0.63), attention (SMD = −0.90; 95 % CI: −1.68, −0.12) and memory (SMD = 0.36; 95 % CI: 0.04, 0.69) in mild cognitive impairment. The multicomponent exercise including cardiovascular (exercise that promotes cardiovascular health, such as endurance training or aerobic exercise) and motor (exercises that improve physical abilities, such as balance, coordination, agility, flexibility, etc.) components positively affected global cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment (SMD = 1.06; 95 % CI: 0.55, 1.57). The findings of this study suggest that multicomponent exercise has a positive impact on various cognitive domains, including global cognition, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, verbal fluency, attention and memory in mild cognitive impairment. Specifically, the combination of exercises including cardiovascular and motor components was found to be effective in improving global cognition. However, further research is needed to investigate the optimal frequency and intensity of the multicomponent exercise intervention, and more detail about exercise combinations of the motor component (not classified in this study) for individuals with mild cognitive impairment. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023400302).

中文翻译：

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多成分运动对轻度认知障碍患者认知功能的影响： 系统评价和荟萃分析


多成分运动有可能改善轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能。然而，多成分运动对轻度认知障碍中特定认知子域的影响以及运动成分的最佳组合仍不清楚。本系统综述旨在 （a） 调查多组分运动对轻度认知障碍患者不同认知子领域的影响，以及 （b） 调查多组分运动的不同组合对轻度认知障碍患者整体认知的影响。系统评价和荟萃分析。系统检索了 6 个电子数据库，包括 PubMed、Medline、EMBASE、Web of Science、Cochrane Library 和 CINAHL，从建库到 2023 年 1 月 1 日。纳入评估多组分运动干预对轻度认知障碍患者认知功能影响的随机对照试验。使用 Cochrane 协作偏倚评估工具评估偏倚风险。采用随机效应模型计算标准化均数差。进行亚组分析、 meta 回归和敏感性分析。如果荟萃分析不可行，则以叙述方式综合研究。确定了 20 项研究进行系统评价和荟萃分析。轻度认知障碍患者的整体认知能力 [SMD = 1.04;95 % 置信区间 （CI）：0.53， 1.55]、认知灵活性 （SMD = -1.04;95 % CI： -1.81， -0.27）、处理速度 （SMD = 0.43;95 % CI： 0.04， 0.82）、语言流利度 （SMD = 0.38;95 % CI： 0.13， 0.63）、注意力 （SMD = -0.90;95 % CI： -1.68， -0.12） 和记忆 （SMD = 0.36;95 % CI： 0.04， 0.69）。 包括心血管运动（促进心血管健康的运动，如耐力训练或有氧运动）和运动（提高身体能力的运动，如平衡、协调、敏捷性、柔韧性等）成分在内的多成分运动对轻度认知障碍患者的整体认知产生了积极影响（SMD = 1.06;95 % CI：0.55,1.57）。本研究的结果表明，多成分运动对轻度认知障碍患者的全局认知、认知灵活性、处理速度、语言流利度、注意力和记忆力等各个认知领域都有积极影响。具体来说，包括心血管和运动成分在内的锻炼组合被发现可有效改善整体认知。然而，需要进一步的研究来调查多组分运动干预的最佳频率和强度，以及有关轻度认知障碍个体的运动成分运动组合（未在本研究中分类）的更多详细信息。该实验方案已在 PROSPERO （CRD42023400302） 上注册。