Physical cleansing is a human universal. It serves health and survival functions. It also carries rich psychological meanings that interest scholars across disciplines. What psychological effects result from cleansing? What psychological states trigger cleansing? The present meta-analysis takes stock of all experimental studies examining the psychological consequences and antecedents of cleansing-related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (e.g., feeling less guilty after cleansing; spontaneously cleansing oneself after thinking of unwelcomed sexual encounter). It includes 129 records, 230 experiments, and 551 effects from 42,793 participants. Effect sizes were synthesized in random-effects models using robust variance estimates with small-sample corrections, supplemented by other techniques. Outliers were excluded using leave-one-out diagnostics and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed and corrected for using eight methods. Theoretical, methodological, sample, and report moderators were coded. After excluding outliers, without bias correction, the synthesized effect size estimate was g = 0.315, 95% CI [0.277, 0.354]. Using various bias correction methods, the estimate ranged from g = 0.103 to 0.331 and always exhibited considerable heterogeneity. Effect sizes were especially large for behavioral measures and varied significantly between sample types, sample regions, and report types. Meanwhile, effects were domain-general (observed in the moral domain and beyond), bidirectional (physical cleansing ↔ psychological variables), and robust across theoretical types, manipulation operationalizations, and study designs. Limitations included mixed replicability, suboptimal methodological rigor, and restricted sample diversity. We recommend future studies to (a) incorporate power analysis, preregistration, and replication; (b) investigate generalizability across samples; (c) strengthen discriminant validity; and (d) test competing theoretical accounts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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擦掉它：对身体清洁的心理后果和前因的荟萃分析回顾。


身体清洁是人类的普遍现象。它具有健康和生存功能。它还承载着丰富的心理学意义，引起了跨学科学者的兴趣。清洁会产生哪些心理影响？哪些心理状态会引发净化？本荟萃分析盘点了所有实验研究，这些研究检验了与清洁相关的思想、感受和行为的心理后果和前因（例如，清洁后感觉内疚感减轻；在想到不受欢迎的性接触后自发地清洁自己）。它包括来自 42,793 名参与者的 129 条记录、230 个实验和 551 个效果。使用稳健的方差估计和小样本校正，并辅以其他技术，在随机效应模型中合成效应大小。使用留一诊断和敏感性分析排除异常值。使用八种方法评估和纠正发表偏倚。对理论、方法、样本和报告的调节器进行了编码。排除异常值后，不进行偏差校正，综合效应大小估计值为 g = 0.315，95% CI [0.277，0.354]。使用各种偏差校正方法，估计值范围为 g = 0.103 至 0.331，并且始终表现出相当大的异质性。对于行为测量来说，效应量特别大，并且样本类型、样本区域和报告类型之间存在显着差异。同时，影响是领域通用的（在道德领域及其他领域观察到）、双向的（身体净化↔心理变量），并且在理论类型、操纵操作化和研究设计方面都是稳健的。局限性包括混合可重复性、方法严谨性欠佳以及样本多样性有限。 我们建议未来的研究（a）纳入功率分析、预注册和复制； (b) 研究样本之间的普遍性； (c) 加强区分有效性； (d) 测试相互竞争的理论解释。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。