The concomitant quandaries of pedospheric health deterioration and diminishing factor productivity constitute the preeminent apprehensions within the realms of crop cultivation, particularly in the densely populated South Asian region. Conventional tillage practices, coupled with indiscriminate fertilizer application in wheat-based rotations, precipitate the degradation of natural resource bases, thereby posing an ominous threat to the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) prevalent in the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP). Nonetheless, the adoption of zero-tillage (ZT) techniques, co-implemented with the judicious dispensation of nutrients through precision nutrient management (PNM), holds the potential to mitigate nutrient losses, curtail environmental ramifications, and augment the overall sustainability of wheat cultivation within the RWCS paradigm. Hence, efforts were made to investigate the impact of PNM on productivity, use efficiency of nutrients (NUE), root morphology, soil enzymatic activities, and the NO fluxes in ZT-wheat (ZT-W). The treatments were soil test-based NPK (STB-NPK), Nutrients Expert (NE)-based NPK [NE-(LCC) NPK], recommended doses of fertilizer (RDF), state recommendation-based NPK, and their nutrients omission treatments, together with consisted of twelve treatments. The result revealed that the PNM practices, like Nutrient Expert + Leaf colour chart (LCC)based NPK[NE-(LCC) NPK] co-implemented with ZT significantly (p<0.05) improved the grain yield by (8.05 %), and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) by 58.1 %) but STB-NPK produce ∼ 17.1 % higher grain yield than the RDF. The application of balanced nutrients in ZT-wheat using NE-(LCC) NPK reduced the cumulative seasonal NO emission by 19.5 % over RDF, whereas, STB-NPK increased the NO emission by 26.2 % over RDF, due to the substantial application of N-fertilizer. Similarly, the root length density (RLD), root surface area density (RSAD) and root volume density (RVD) of wheat were found greater under STB-NPK and NE-(LCC) NPK than the RDF. Furthermore, the soil enzymatic activity was considerably enhanced due to PNM in the ZT-wheat system compared to the remaining treatments. The STB-NPK, and NE-(LCC) NPK, also improved the crop yield, and photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR) through greater leaf area index (LAI) besides other soil-based parameters of wheat. The NE-(LCC) NPK notably improves NUE, and minimises the GHGs emission than the others. Hence, the nutrient applied through NE-(LCC) NPK could enhance the yields, soil properties, and nutrient use efficiencies besides reducing GHGs emissions, thereby, sustaining cereal-based system in the long run.

中文翻译：

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精准养分管理影响零耕小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 的生产力、养分利用效率、N2O 通量和土壤酶活性


随之而来的土壤圈健康恶化和要素生产力下降的困境构成了作物种植领域的突出忧虑，特别是在人口稠密的南亚地区。传统的耕作方式，加上以小麦为基础的轮作中不加区别地施肥，加速了自然资源基础的退化，从而对印度恒河平原（IGP）普遍存在的稻麦种植制度（RWCS）构成了不祥的威胁。尽管如此，采用零耕作（ZT）技术，并通过精确养分管理（PNM）明智地分配养分，有可能减少养分损失，减少环境影响，并增强小麦种植的整体可持续性在 RWCS 范式内。因此，我们努力研究 PNM 对 ZT-小麦 (ZT-W) 生产力、养分利用效率 (NUE)、根系形态、土壤酶活性和 NO 通量的影响。这些处理包括基于土壤测试的 NPK (STB-NPK)、基于营养专家 (NE) 的 NPK [NE-(LCC) NPK]、推荐肥料剂量 (RDF)、基于国家推荐的 NPK 及其养分省略处理，包括十二种治疗方法。结果显示，PNM 实践，如营养专家 + 叶色图 (LCC) 基础的 NPK[NE-(LCC) NPK] 与 ZT 共同实施，显着 (p<0.05) 提高了谷物产量 (8.05 %) ，养分利用效率 (NUE) 提高 58.1%），但 STB-NPK 的谷物产量比 RDF 高约 17.1%。在ZT-小麦中使用NE-(LCC) NPK平衡养分的应用使累积季节性NOx排放量比RDF减少了19.5%，而STB-NPK则使NOx排放量增加了26%。由于大量施用氮肥，比 RDF 提高了 2%。同样，STB-NPK 和 NE-(LCC) NPK 下小麦的根长密度 (RLD)、根表面积密度 (RSAD) 和根体积密度 (RVD) 均高于 RDF。此外，与其余处理相比，ZT-小麦系统中的 PNM 显着增强了土壤酶活性。除了小麦的其他土壤参数外，STB-NPK 和 NE-(LCC) NPK 还通过更大的叶面积指数 (LAI) 提高了作物产量和光合有效辐射 (PAR)。与其他方案相比，NE-(LCC) NPK 显着提高了 NUE，并最大限度地减少了温室气体排放。因此，通过 NE-(LCC) NPK 施用养分，除了减少温室气体排放外，还可以提高产量、土壤性质和养分利用效率，从而长期维持以谷物为基础的系统。