Ice, a quasi-brittle material with a complex crystal organization and found ubiquitously in nature, undergoes an impact fragmentation process that implies a rich physical mechanism, yet remains not thoroughly elucidated. We develop a highly robust and efficient meshless method for fluid–solid coupling, specifically designed to elucidate the mechanisms of crack propagation in S2 columnar ice subjected to high-speed water jet impacts. This method couples a low-dissipation Riemann smooth particle hydrodynamics approach with a non-ordinary state-based peridynamics model,11The computer program is available from: https://github.com/Luwen-Zhang/Icebreaking_PD-SPH. enabling detailed exploration of fracture process. Our theoretical advancements enhance numerical stability at the fluid–solid interface and establish a precise ice constitutive model by capturing the unique hydrostatic pressure-dependent and rate-dependent plasticity within the peridynamics framework, effectively addressing challenges in both fluid and solid phases. Combined with high-velocity water jet impact experiments, this study successfully delineates the initiation and expansion of circumferential and radial cracks in ice plates. We demonstrate that these cracks, both circumferential and radial, originate from tensile failure induced by circular elastic–plastic stress waves initiated by point source shocks. Specifically, circumferential cracks emerge and propagate from the upper to the lower surface driven by radial tensile stress, while radial cracks, motivated by circumferential tensile stress, develop from the lower to the upper surface. This investigation not only provides a foundational understanding of ice impact fracturing but also establishes a versatile theoretical framework applicable to a wide range of quasi-brittle materials.

中文翻译：

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高速水射流冲击下的准脆性破冰机理——基于PD-SPH耦合模型和实验的研究


冰是一种具有复杂晶体组织的准脆性材料，在自然界中无处不在，它经历了一个撞击碎裂过程，这意味着它具有丰富的物理机制，但尚未得到彻底阐明。我们开发了一种高度稳健且高效的流固耦合无网格方法，专门用于阐明 S2 柱状冰在高速水射流冲击下的裂纹扩展机制。该方法将低耗散黎曼平滑粒子流体动力学方法与非普通的基于状态的近场动力学模型相结合，11计算机程序可从以下网址获得：https://github.com/Luwen-Zhang/Icebreaking_PD-SPH。能够详细勘探断裂过程。我们的理论进步通过在近场动力学框架内捕获独特的静水压力依赖性和速率依赖性，增强了流-固界面的数值稳定性，并建立了精确的冰本构模型，有效地解决了液相和固相的挑战。结合高速水射流冲击实验，本研究成功描绘了冰板圆周和径向裂纹的起因和扩展。我们证明，这些裂纹（包括圆周裂纹和径向裂纹）是由点源冲击引发的圆形弹塑性应力波引起的拉伸破坏引起的。具体来说，在径向拉应力的驱动下，环状裂纹从上表面出现并延伸到下表面，而在环向拉应力的驱动下，径向裂纹从下表面发展到上表面。 这项研究不仅提供了对冰冲击压裂的基础理解，还建立了适用于各种准脆性材料的多功能理论框架。